“十三五”以来,为拓展海水养殖新空间、养护近海渔业资源、保护近岸海域环境,我国大力发展深远海养殖,各种深远海大型养殖平台不断投入运行,但深远海养殖“养什么、怎么养”的问题日益凸显,成为深远海养殖持续健康发展的重要制约瓶颈。
本团队于2017年突破黄条
实验鱼于2020年12月取自福建东山富闽洋水产有限公司网箱养殖基地,网箱规格为10 m×10 m× 8 m,养殖密度为15 kg/m3。实验所取高体
采集3种
本实验蛋白浓度测定方法依照上海碧云天生物技术有限公司生产的Bradford蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(P0006)利用酶标仪(BIO-RAD iMARK,美国)进行操作;酶活性测定方法依照南京建成α-淀粉酶试剂盒(C016-1-1)、胰蛋白酶试剂盒(A080-2)利用分光光度计(普析TU-1810,中国)进行操作;胃蛋白酶试剂盒(A080-1-1)、脂肪酶试剂盒(A054-2-1)、碱性磷酸酶试剂盒(A059-2)和酸性磷酸酶试剂盒(A060-2)用酶标仪(BIO-RAD iMARK,美国)按照试剂盒说明书进行操作。
测定酶活性前将样品取出用0.9%的生理盐水冲洗,称取0.1 g组织使用灭菌解剖剪将其剪碎,加入900 µL样品匀浆介质,使用样品破碎仪(净信JXFSTPRP-24, 中国)使组织破碎匀浆,匀浆液于3500 r/min离心15 min后吸取上清液,于–20℃冰箱保存待用,15 d内测定完毕,测定脂肪酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性时,再将10%浓度的上清液稀释至2%浓度待用。
胃蛋白酶活力单位定义:每毫克组织蛋白37℃每分钟分解蛋白生成1 μg酪氨酸相当于1个酶活力单位。胰蛋白酶活力单位定义:在pH 8.0、37℃条件下,每毫克蛋白中含有的胰蛋白酶每分钟使吸光度值(OD值)变化0.003即为1个酶活力单位。α-淀粉酶活力单位定义:组织中每毫克蛋白在37℃与底物作用30 min,水解10 mg淀粉定义为1个淀粉酶活力单位。脂肪酶活力单位定义:在37℃条件下,每毫升酶液在反应体系中与底物反应1 min,每消耗1 mmol底物为1个酶活力单位。碱性磷酸酶活力单位定义:每克组织蛋白在37℃与基质作用15 min产生1 mg酚为1金氏单位。酸性磷酸酶活力单位定义:每克组织蛋白在37℃与基质作用30 min产生1 mg酚为1金氏单位。
1.4 统计分析采用SPSS 22.0软件对实验数据进行分析,运用单因子方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和Duncan检验法对同一种鱼不同组织和同一组织不同种鱼酶活性数据进行显著性差异分析和多重比较分析,设定差异显著性水平P值为0.05,所有数值均采用平均值±标准差(Mean±SD)表示。
2 结果 2.1 消化系统的外部形态比较3种
3种
3种
3种
如图 6所示,高体
本研究比较了3种
已有研究表明,同一种鱼类不同生长阶段其消化酶活性存在一定差异,养殖环境及饵料与消化酶活性也存在一定关系,一定范围内盐度、温度的变化也是消化酶活力变化的影响因素(陈慕雁等, 2004; 白晓慧等, 2007; 庄平等, 2008; Miegel et al, 2010),同时消化酶活性与其食性关系密切,但即使食性相同的鱼类其酶活性也存在一定的差异,这也是生物本身对环境的一种适应机制(谭北平, 1995)。本研究发现,同一养殖条件同一季节和相同饵料投喂条件下,高体
食物进入胃后刺激胃酸分泌,胃是胃蛋白酶分泌的最大靶器官(周景祥等, 2000; 章龙珍等; 2016)。通常肉食性鱼类具有较高的蛋白质消化能力,本研究发现,3种
消化道中的淀粉酶主要是消化吸收食物中的碳水化合物和糖类。张正荣等(2020)研究了黄条
脂肪酶主要是由鱼类的肝胰脏分泌,在鱼类的消化生理中占据很重要的地位。3种
酸性磷酸酶(ACP)是溶酶体的一种标志酶,参与吞噬细胞的胞内消化、核酸和蛋白质、磷酸酯的代谢、免疫调节等重要生命活动(Li et al, 2009)。本研究发现,幽门盲囊是酸性磷酸酶作用的主要靶器官,3种
碱性磷酸酶作为一种吸收酶在鱼类的肠道均有分布,参与脂类、葡萄糖、钙和无机磷等营养物质的吸收和转运(Tengjaroenkul et al, 2000; Cara et al, 2003)。3种
本研究比较分析了3种
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