A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its breakdown products, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inosinic acid (IMP), inosine (HxR) and hypoxanthine (Hx) was studied. The samples were extracted with perchloric acid, and pH value was adjusted to 6.0-6.4 with sodium hydroxide. The six ATP-related compounds were then separated on an AQ-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with 0.02 mol/L KH2PO4-0.02 mol/L K2HPO4 (V/V=1/1) buffer as the mobile phase. At wavelength of 254 nm, ATP-related compounds were detected and quantified by external standard method. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.2-40.0 μg/ml for ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP and HxR, and 0.1-20.0 μg/ml for Hx, with all correlation coefficients above 0.999. The detection limit for ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, and HxR was 5.00 mg/kg, and was 2.50 mg/kg for Hx, with S/N=3. The average recoveries of ATP compounds in Pagrosomus major, Seriola quinqueradiata, Oncorhynchus keta, Litopenaeus vannamei and Portunus trituberculatus samples at three spiked levels varied from 85.5% to 105%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 12.9%. The results indicated that this method is rapid and reliable, and it is suitable for simultaneous determination of the six ATP-related compounds in aquatic products.