文章摘要
大口黑鲈配合饲料中三种动物蛋白源的不同添加比例对生长性能、肠道健康及蛋白质代谢的影响
Effects of Dietary Animal Protein Source Composition on Growth Performance, Intestinal health and Protein Metabolism of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
投稿时间:2023-01-15  修订日期:2023-02-13
DOI:
中文关键词: 大口黑鲈  动物蛋白源  生长性能  蛋白质合成  肠道健康
英文关键词: Micropterus salmoides  Animal protein source  Growth performance  Intestinal health  Protein Metabolism
基金项目:广东德宁水产科技有限公司“德2022B-LM01”项目
作者单位邮编
江坤生 华南农业大学海洋学院 广东德宁水产科技有限公司 510642
陈芳 华南农业大学海洋学院 
张关荣 华南农业大学海洋学院 
黄泽葵 华南农业大学海洋学院 
关俊锋 华南农业大学海洋学院 
麻永财 华南农业大学海洋学院 
陈宇航 广东德宁水产科技有限公司 
谢帝芝 华南农业大学海洋学院 
李远友 华南农业大学海洋学院 510642
摘要点击次数: 71
全文下载次数: 0
中文摘要:
      目前,大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)配合饲料对鱼粉的依赖性大,而鱼粉价格不断上涨,导致其饲料成本居高不下,严重制约了该养殖业的健康发展。为降低饲料成本,本研究以鱼粉、鸡肉粉和猪肉粉为饲料动物蛋白源,制作7种配合饲料(D1-D7),其鱼粉/鸡肉粉/猪肉粉的添加百分比分别为:45.0 /22.6 /0、37.1 /22.6 /8.0、28.8 /22.6 /16.0、45.0 /14.5 /8.0、45.0 /5.3 /16.0、41.6 /18.0 /8.0、37.0 /13.8 /16.0。采用上述饲料投喂大口黑鲈幼鱼(初始体重~55 g)60天,评估饲料动物蛋白源组合对鱼生长性能、组织生化指标、肌肉质构特性以及肝脏蛋白质代谢和肠道炎性因子相关基因表达的影响。结果显示:相比于其它饲料投喂组,D3组鱼的终末体重、增重率、特定生长率显著提高,饲料系数显著降低(P < 0.05);D3组全鱼粗蛋白质显著高于D5组,其粗脂肪水平显著低于D4和D6组(P < 0.05)。在组织生理生化指标方面,D3组鱼血清总氨基酸含量显著高于D1和D4组(P < 0.05),而其谷草转氨酶活性显著低于D5组(P < 0.05);D3组鱼肝脏总蛋白含量显著高于D7组(P < 0.05)。在肌肉品质方面,D3组肌肉硬度和胶着性,以及咀嚼性分别显著低于D4组和D6组(P < 0.05)。此外,D3组肠抗炎基因il-10,肝脏蛋白质合成基因tor、s6k1、akt、pi3k mRNA表达水平上调,显著高于D7组(P < 0.05);而肠促炎因子il-1β、il-6,肝脏翻译抑制因子4ebp-1 mRNA表达水平下调,显著低于D1组(P < 0.05)。上述结果说明,饲料中添加28.8 %鱼粉、16.0%猪肉粉和22.6 %鸡肉粉对大口黑鲈的促生长效果最优,且有利于提高肝脏蛋白质合成,维护肠道健康。研究结果可为降低大口黑鲈配合饲料对鱼粉的依赖提供技术支撑。
英文摘要:
      Terrestrial animal protein sources contain less antinutritional factors, high protein content, and functional factors which are beneficial to fish health. Among them, poultry by-product meal (containing 65 %~73 % protein, rich in vitamin) and porcine meat meal (containing 45 %~60 % protein and high contents of proline and glycine) are the most widely used in aquatic compound feeds, and are important fish meal replacement sources. As a carnivorous fish species, largemouth bass is highly dependent on dietary fish meal, and the level of fish meal added in its commercial feeds is up to 50%. However, the rising price of fish meal increases the farming cost of largemouth bass. Therefore, it is urgent to find a suitable alternative protein source to reduce the amount of dietary fish meal and reduce the feed cost. In this consideration, 7 compound feeds (D1-D7) were prepared in this study. The added percentages of fish meal/poultry by-product meal/porcine meat meal are: 45.0 /22.6 /0, 37.1 /22.6 /8.0, 28.8 /22.6 /16.0, 45.0 /14.5 /8.0, 45.0 /5.3 /16.0, 41.6 /18.0 /8.0, 37.0 /13.8 /16.0. Juvenile largemouth bass (initial body weight ~55 g) were fed the above diets for 60 days with five replicates in each group. The effects of animal protein source combination on the growth performance, tissue biochemical indices, muscle texture characteristics, liver protein metabolism and intestinal inflammatory factors related gene expression were evaluated. The water temperature during feeding trial was 27.4℃-32.3 ℃, and the ammonia nitrogen was 0.1-0.2mg/L. After the feeding experiment, three fish were randomly selected from each cage to collect serum, liver, intestinal tract, muscle and other samples, which were then stored at -80℃. In addition, three fish were randomly selected for each cage to determine the morphological indices of fish body. At the same time, two fish were selected from each cage for the determination of muscle texture characteristics and the whole fish proximate composition. Physiological and biochemical indices of serum and liver tissues (albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (BUN), total amino acid (T-AA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), blood ammonia (SA)) was determined by the commercial kits, and the texture characteristics of muscle were determined by the texture analyzer. The moisture, crude fat, crude protein and ash contents of whole fish and muscle were determined by atmospheric drying, Soxhlet extraction, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination and Muffle furnace incineration, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to determine the expression levels of genes related to liver protein metabolism and intestinal inflammatory response. All test data were expressed as mean ± standard error, and multiple comparisons were made by Tukey test, with P < 0.05 indicating the significant difference. The results showed that: compared with other groups, the final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of fish in the D3 group were significantly higher, and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in condition factor, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index and survival rate among all groups (P > 0.05). The whole body crude protein content in the D3 group was significantly higher than that in the D1 group, and the crude lipid level in the D3 group was significantly lower than that in the D6 group (P < 0.05). In terms of tissue physiological and biochemical indices, there were no significant differences in the activities of BUN and ALT in serum, SA content and ALT activity in liver among all groups (P > 0.05). The serum T-AA content of fish in the D3 group was significantly higher than that in the D1 and D4 groups (P < 0.05), but the AST activity in the D3 group was significantly lower than that in the D5 group (P < 0.05). The liver TP content in the D3 group was significantly higher than that in the D7 group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum TP content and liver ALT in the D3 group compared with other groups (P > 0.05). In terms of muscle quality, the muscle hardness, adhesion and mastication in the D3 group was significantly lower than those in the D4 and D6 groups, respectively (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the muscle adhesiveness, elasticity, cohesiveness, moisture, crude protein content, crude lipid content and ash content among all groups (P > 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of intestinal il-10 and liver tor, s6k1, akt and pi3k in the D3 group were up-regulated, which were significantly higher than those in the D7 group (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of il-1β and il-6 in intestine and 4ebp-1 in liver of the D3 group were and significantly lower than those in the D1 group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that combined use of 28.8% fish meal, 16.0% porcine meat meal and 22.6% poultry by-product meal have the best growth promotion effect on M. salmoides, and is able to improve the liver protein synthesis and maintain the intestinal health. The results of this study provided technical support for reducing the dependence of largemouth bass compound feed on fish meal.
附件
View Fulltext   查看/发表评论  下载PDF阅读器
关闭