Flow-through system for flatfish farming is transforming into industrialized Recirculation Aquaculture Systems in China,but development of the industry is greatly hampered by fish diseases. Currently, the main control methods against aquatic animal diseases include drug treatment, ecological prevention, and immunoprophylaxis. With the advantages of no pollution, no residue, and no drug tolerance, fishery vaccine possesses an overwhelming superiority, and its related research has attracted more and more attention. In this review, progresses and challenges on the study of fishery vaccine were summarized and analyzed to provide references for disease prevention and control in flatfish.