The scientific nomenclature of the Ertysh crayfish is "narrow crayfish" (Pontastacus leptodactylus). The species under consideration is indigenous to Europe and has a wide distribution range. A taxonomic classification of species inhabiting the lakes of Eastern Europe is presented herein. The recent discovery of P.leptodactylus in the Ertysh River Basin of Xinjiang indicates a potential expansion of the species" distribution, thereby addressing a notable gap in the region"s freshwater crayfish biodiversity. To date, the extant literature on P.leptodactylus in China is limited in scope. Water temperature is a pivotal environmental variable within aquatic ecosystems, exhibiting continuous fluctuations that profoundly impact the growth, development, reproduction, and other vital life activities of aquatic organisms. Aquatic organisms exhibit a marked increase in metabolic rate when confronted with rising water temperatures, resulting in a significant escalation in oxygen demand. In instances where the dissolved oxygen level in water bodies does not meet the demand, there is an intensification of the anaerobic metabolic activities of microorganisms. This, in turn, leads to a significant accumulation of toxic metabolic products, including ammonia nitrogen,nitrite,and hydrogen sulfide. The resulting water pollution has the potential to pose a threat to the survival of aquatic organisms. Exceeding the white-spotted pike"s temperature tolerance range has been demonstrated to elicit substantial variations in several key metrics,including daily weight gain, specific growth rate, growth efficiency, and feeding efficiency. Temperature stress can have a multitude of adverse effects on aquatic animals. Temperature is a critical factor in the growth and development of diverse aquatic organisms. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate the impact of temperature on these processes. In this study, we employed the technique of transcriptome sequencing to investigate the gene expression changes in the gill tissue of P.leptodactylus under various temperature stresses. The experiment involved the analysis of three temperature gradients: 20°C (control), 25°C, and 30°C. The gill tissue were then subjected to pathological examination, and the differential genes were subjected to biological analysis. To verify the findings, RT-qPCR was employed as a confirmatory method. The differential genes were confirmed through RT-qPCR. The results demonstrated that elevated temperatures resulted in substantial damage to the gill of narrow crayfish, with the intensity of the damage increasing with rising temperatures. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to ascertain the number of CCS sequences through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The investigation revealed a total of 22,216,453 CCS sequences,with an average length of 1,758 base pairs (bp) and an N50 of 1,666 bp. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the full-length non-chimeric read (FLNC) was 22,216,453, with an average length of 1,758 bp and an N50 of 1,666 bp. Following the process of redundancy elimination, a total of 181,039 transcripts were obtained,with an average length of 2,041 base pairs (bp) and an N50 of 2,171 bp. In the experimental group B (25°C), there was a total of 413 differential genes, of which 248 were up-regulated and 165 were down-regulated in expression,in comparison to the control group A (20°C). In the experiment, Group C (30°C) was subjected to stress in comparison with Group A (20°C). The results indicated the presence of a total of 1,778 differential genes, of which 1,056 (57.9%) were found to be up-regulated, and 722 (39.9%) were found to be down-regulated in expression.