首页 > 过刊浏览>2026年第47卷第2期 >203-213. DOI:10.3969/j.issn2095-9869.20250421001
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原位与异位生物絮团养殖凡纳对虾的比较研究
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1.大连海洋大学水产与生命学院 辽宁 大连 116023 ;2.海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266071 ;3.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 农业农村部海水养殖病害防治重点实验室青岛市海水养殖流行病学与生物安保重点实验室 山东 青岛 266071

作者简介:

朱欣洁，E-mail:2777906761@qq.com

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S968.22

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2400705)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(20603022023025)共同资助


Comparative Study on in-situ and ex-situ Biofloc Technology in Penaeus vannamei Aquaculture
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1.College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023 , China ;2.State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071 , China ; 3.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture andRural Affairs ， Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao 266071 , China

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    摘要:

    为综合评价原位与异位生物絮团在对虾养殖中的应用效果，本研究比较了在零换水条件下，原位生物絮团(IB)与异位生物絮团(EB)养殖系统中，凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)生长性能、血清生理生化及免疫指标的差异，检测了养殖水体与对虾体内弧菌(Vibrio)载量及养殖水体NH4 + -N 及 NO2 ‒ -N 浓度的变化，同时分析了 2 个培养方式下絮团内细菌群落组成。结果表明，IB 组对虾增重率与特定生长率高于 EB 组(P＜0.05)，饵料系数低于 EB 组(P＜0.05)；IB 组对虾血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性高于 EB 组(P＜0.05)，总胆固醇(T-CHO)、总蛋白(TP)含量及谷草转氨酶(AST)、 谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性 2 个絮团组之间没有显著差异(P＞0.05)；免疫指标中除 IB 组酚氧化酶(PO)活性显著高于 EB 组外(P＜0.05)，2 个絮团组过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)及溶菌酶(LZ)活性差异不显著(P＞0.05)。在第 30、50 天 IB 组水体中弧菌量显著低于 EB 组 (P＜0.05)，除第 30 天外，2 个絮团组对虾体内弧菌差异性不显著(P＞0.05)。除在第 50 天时 IB 与 EB 组的 NH4 + -N浓度差异不显著外，其他检测时段 IB 组 NO2 ‒ -N 与 NH4 + -N 浓度均显著低于 EB 组 (P＜0.05)，IB 组中细菌的多样性高于 EB 组。综上可知，原位絮团在促进对虾生长、改善水质及抑制弧菌方面均优于异位絮团。研究结果为生物絮团对虾养殖模式的推广应用提供了理论支持。

    Abstract:

    In order to comprehensively evaluate the application effects of in-situ and ex-situ biofloc technology for shrimp culture, growth performance, parameters of shrimp serum physiological, biochemical, and immunological of shrimp cultured in in-situ biofloc (IB) and ex-situ biofloc (EB) systems were investigated. A load of Vibrios in the water body and hepatopancreas of shrimp, concentrations of NH4 + -N and NO2 ‒ -N in aquaculture water, as well as the bacterial community composition in flocs in IB and EB systems were monitored. The results indicated that the weight gain and specific growth rates of shrimp in group IB were significantly higher than those in group EB, feed conversion ratio in group IB was lower than that in group EB. Analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators showed that the activity of serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in IB was significantly higher than that in EB (P＜0.05). Conversely, content of total cholesterol (T-CHO), total protein (TP), activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed no significant differences between group IB and EB(P＞0.05). Activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in shrimp of group IB was higher than that in EB (P＜0.05). However, the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lysozyme (LZ) showed no significant differences between group IB and EB(P＞0.05). Vibrios load in water of group IB was significantly lower than that in group EB on days 30 and 50 (P＜0.05), However, the difference in Vibrios load in hepatopancreas of shrimp between group IB and EB was not statistically significant in all detection dates except on day 30 (P＞0.05). Concentration of NO2 ‒ -N and NH4 + -N in group IB were significantly lower than those in group EB, respectively, at all sampling times (P＜0.05), except for no significant difference of NH4 + -N between IB and EB on day 50. Moreover, the bacterial diversity of group IB was significantly higher than that of the EB. Taken together, in-situ bioflocs demonstrated superior performance over ex-situ bioflocs in promoting shrimp growth, improving water quality, and reducing Vibrio density. These findings could provide theoretical support for the wider application of biofloc technology in shrimp aquaculture systems.

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朱欣洁, 王秀华, 郑磊, 杨冰, 席瑞, 潘明超, 胡希立. 原位与异位生物絮团养殖凡纳对虾的比较研究. 渔业科学进展, 2026, 47(2): 203–213

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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21
  • 最后修改日期:2025-05-05
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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-03-20
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