牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)具有体型大、成长速度快、肉质优良、营养价值丰富及洄游距离短等特点，是重要的海水增养殖经济物种。由于牙鲆工厂化养殖模式的集约化程度高和环境可控性强，被广泛应用。在该模式下，养殖车间通常采用人工照明来满足养殖需求。但不同光色环境对水生生物的生长、生理生化过程及应激反应有一定的抑制或促进作用。同一光谱对不同发育阶段的同种鱼类产生的影响亦有不同。目前不同光色对牙鲆幼鱼的影响未见报道，因此，本研究选取 450 尾体质优良且体型均匀的牙鲆幼鱼作为研究对象，设置 5 种 LED 光谱参数，分别为红光(λ 625~ 630 nm)、黄光(λ 570~575 nm)、蓝光(λ 450~455 nm)、绿光(λ 525~530 nm)以及全光谱(λ 380~780 nm，对照组)。水温控制在(18.0±1.0) ℃，光照周期为 12 L∶12 D，光强设置为(250±20) mW/m²。研究 5 种不同光色对牙鲆幼鱼生长、酶活、激素及基因表达的影响，旨在为牙鲆幼鱼工厂化养殖光色选择提供理论支撑。结果显示，蓝光组和绿光组牙鲆幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著高于其他组 (P<0.05)。红光组牙鲆幼鱼生长激素含量最低为(10.68±0.61) ng/mL，显著低于其他组(P<0.05)，而皮质醇含量最高为(1487.44±54.42) pg/mL，显著高于其他组(P<0.05)；蓝光组牙鲆幼鱼生长激素含量最高为(20.74±1.52) ng/mL，显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。绿光组牙鲆幼鱼胃淀粉酶活性显著高于红光组和对照组(P<0.05)；红光组牙鲆幼鱼的胃纤维素酶活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；红光组牙鲆幼鱼肠纤维素酶活性显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。红光组牙鲆幼鱼血清 CAT 活性显著低于其他组 (P<0.05)，肝脏 CAT 活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；各实验组牙鲆幼鱼肝脏 SOD 活性差异不显著 (P>0.05)。红光组牙鲆幼鱼肝脏 SOD 基因的相对表达量显著低于黄光组(P<0.05)，但与其他组差异不显著；红光组牙鲆幼鱼肝脏 CAT 基因的相对表达量最低，且显著低于其他组(P<0.05)，黄光组牙鲆幼鱼肝脏 CAT 基因的相对表达量最高，且显著高于其他组(P<0.05)，蓝光组、绿光组和对照组牙鲆幼鱼 CAT 基因的相对表达量差异不显著。结果表明，蓝光和绿光下养殖对牙鲆幼鱼生长具有明显促进作用，在红光下，牙鲆幼鱼持续处于应激状态，抗氧化能力和消化能力均减弱。该研究结果为提高牙鲆幼鱼室内工厂化养殖效能提供理论依据，对工厂化牙鲆幼鱼绿色健康养殖具有重要的推动作用。

Paralichthys olivaceus is an economically important target species in marine aquaculture because of its large size, rapid growth rate, excellent meat quality, rich nutritional value, and short-distance migratory habits. Industrial farming models have been widely used owing to their high degree of intensification and environmental controllability. Artificial lighting is commonly used in factory farming to meet the farming requirements. Compared to the traditional artificial lighting of straight-tube fluorescent lamps or compact fluorescent lamps, LED lamps have the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, long service life, low heat generation, and high photoelectric conversion efficiency. Additionally, LEDs can accurately regulate the spectrum and intensity of light according to demand, which has been rapidly promoted in factory farming. Different light-colored environments have a certain degree of inhibitory or promotional effects on the growth, physiological and biochemical processes, and stress responses of aquatic organisms. The study aimed to provide theoretical support for the selection of light colors for juvenile P. olivaceus in factory farming. In this study, a total of 450 individuals with good body condition and uniform body size were selected, with a mean body mass of (309.66±32.73) g and an initial total length of (28.67±2.66) cm. Five LED spectral parameters were set, which were red (λ 625–630 nm), yellow (λ 570–575 nm), blue (λ 450–455 nm), and green (λ 525–530 nm), and full spectrum (λ 380–780 nm) as the control group. Water temperature was controlled at (18.0±1.0 ℃), photoperiod was 12L:12D. The light intensity was set at (250±20) mW/m² . The effects of five different light colors on the growth, enzyme activity, hormone levels, and gene expression of juvenile P. olivaceus were studied. The enzyme activities included two antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT, and two digestive enzymes, amylase and fibrillase; whereas, the hormones included growth hormone and cortisol, and the genes were mainly SOD and CAT. The results showed that the weight gain and specific growth rates of juvenile P. olivaceus in the blue and green light groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). The growth hormone content of juvenile P. olivaceus in the blue light group was the highest at (20.74±1.52) ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The growth hormone content of juvenile P. olivaceus in the red light group was the lowest at (10.68±0.61) ng/mL, which was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05), while the cortisol content was the highest at (1487.44±54.42) pg/mL, which was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The gastric amylase activity of juvenile P. olivaceus in the green light group was significantly higher than those in the red light and control groups (P<0.05). The gastric cellulase activity of juvenile P. olivaceus in the red light group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The intestinal cellulase activity of juvenile P. olivaceus in the red light group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05). CAT activity in the serum of juvenile P. olivaceus in the red light group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05), and liver CAT activity was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The differences in the liver SOD activity of juvenile P. olivaceus in each light-colored group were not significant (P>0.05). The relative expression of liver SOD gene of juvenile P. olivaceus in the red light group was significantly lower than that in the yellow light group (P<0.05), but the difference with other groups was not significant; the relative expression of CAT genes in the liver of juvenile P. olivaceus in the red light group was the lowest and significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05), the relative expression of liver CAT gene of juvenile P. olivaceus in the yellow light group was the highest, and significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05), and the relative expression of CAT gene of juvenile P. olivaceus in the blue light group, green light group and control group was not significant different. These results show that blue and green light cultures significantly affected the growth of juvenile P. olivaceus, whereas red light continuously stressed juvenile P. olivaceus weakening their antioxidant and digestive capacities. Furthermore, these results provide a theoretical basis for improving the indoor factory aquaculture efficacy of juvenile P. olivaceus and promoting green healthy factory aquaculture of juvenile P. olivaceus.