| 高弋强,许星鸿,张磊,魏迪,崔志扬,刘志鸿,吴彪,周丽青,孙秀俊.培育密度及饵料种类对菲律宾蛤仔幼虫生长和存活的影响.渔业科学进展,2025,46(3):90-97 |
| 培育密度及饵料种类对菲律宾蛤仔幼虫生长和存活的影响 |
| Effects of stocking density and diets on growth, survival, settlement and metamorphosis of Ruditapes philippinarum larvae |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-19 修订日期：2024-05-05 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20240119002 |
| 中文关键词: 菲律宾蛤仔 幼虫 密度 饵料 生长 存活 附着变态 |
| 英文关键词: Ruditapes philippinarum Larva Stocking density Algal diets Growth Survival Settlement and metamorphosis |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(32273107)、崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202203803)、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费(20603022022001)、青岛市市南区科技计划(2022-2-026-ZH)和莆田市科技计划(2021NJJ002)共同资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)人工苗种规模化繁育的最适条件，本研究分析了不同培育密度及饵料对菲律宾蛤仔幼虫生长、存活和附着变态的影响。本研究设置4个培育密度(5、10、15、20个/mL)、4种饵料[A组金藻(Lsochrysis galbana)、B组角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.)、C组金藻+角毛藻1∶2、D组金藻+角毛藻2∶1]，分别在第3、9、18、27天测量幼虫壳长并统计存活率，在第27天统计幼虫附着变态率。结果显示，在幼虫生长方面，第3天，饵料A组幼虫壳长[(0.968±0.002) mm]最大，显著高于饵料B组和C组(P<0.05)。10个/mL密度组的壳长[(0.102±0.013) mm]最大，且显著高于其他密度组(P<0.05)。在存活率方面，第18天，饵料A组的存活率(26.67%)最低，显著低于其余各组。饵料C组和D组的存活率无显著差异，但两组存活率均显著高于饵料A组和B组。10个/mL密度组前18 d存活率显著高于其他组，第27天与15个/mL密度组差异不显著。在附着变态方面，混合饵料C、D两组均显著高于饵料A组和B组。15个/mL密度组的幼虫附着变态率(17.38%)最高。研究结果表明，幼虫开口(D形幼虫初期)投喂金藻的存活率最高，投喂混合饵料生长快、变态率最高，幼虫密度控制在10~15个/mL为最佳。综上所述，在菲律宾蛤仔人工育苗过程中，幼虫密度控制在10~15个/mL，开口投喂金藻，开口后投喂混合饵料最适宜幼虫的生长发育和附着变态。本研究结果不仅为菲律宾蛤仔幼虫生长发育的影响因子研究提供了科学依据，而且对于提高单位水体出苗量及苗种稳定生产具有重要的指导意义和应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore optimal large-scale breeding conditions of artificial Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) seedlings, the effects of different stocking density and diet species on the growth, survival, and attachment metamorphosis of R. philippinarum larvae were investigated. Four cultivation density gradients (5, 10, 15 and 20 ind./mL) and four groups of diets (Group A Lsochrysis galbana, Group B Chaetocerossp, Group C Lsochrysis galbana + Chaetocerossp 1:2, Group D Lsochrysis galbana + Chaetocerossp 2:1) were set up. The larval shell length and survival rates were measured on the 3rd, 9th, 18th, and 27th days. The larval settlement and metamorphosis rates were evaluated on the 27th day. The results indicated that the larval shell length of (0.968±0.002) mm in diet group A was the largest on day 3. The shell length of (0.102±0.013) mm in the medium density group (10 ind./mL) was the largest, which was significantly higher than that of other density groups (P<0.05). The survival rate of bait group A (26.67%) on the 18th day was the lowest, which was significantly lower than that of the other groups. There was no significant difference in the survival rates between group C and group D, but the survival rates of group C and group B were significantly higher than those of group A and group B. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the density groups of 5 ind./mL and 20 ind./mL; however, they were significantly lower than those of density groups of 10 and 15 ind./mL. In terms of settlement and metamorphosis, the mixed diets groups of C and D were significantly higher than those of diet groups of A and B. The density group of 15 ind./mL had the highest settlement and metamorphosis rate (17.38%), followed by 16.65% in density group of 10 ind./mL. For larval settlement and metamorphosis rates, there was no significant difference between density groups of 15 and 10 ind./mL, but significantly higher than those in density groups of 5 and 20 ind./mL. The results showed that larvae fed at early opening with Lsochrysis galbana had the highest survival rate, and larvae fed with the mixed diets showed the highest growth and metamorphosis rates. Therefore, the culture density of larvae should be maintained between 10–15 ind./mL. In summary, artificial seedling rearing of R. philippinarum, larval density should be maintained at 10–15 ind./mL. To obtain the most suitable condition for larval growth and survival, a Lsochrysis galbana diet should be selected for the early development stage and mixed diets should be adopted for the late development stage. These results provide the necessary scientific basis for the environmental factors of R. philippinarum larval growth and development and have important guiding significance and application value for improving the seed yield per water unit and stable production of seedlings of clams. |
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