| 张国桃,于馨,潘鲁青.复合益生菌发酵饲料工艺优化与饲喂对虾效果的研究.渔业科学进展,2025,46(3):202-211 |
| 复合益生菌发酵饲料工艺优化与饲喂对虾效果的研究 |
| Optimization process of compound probiotic fermented feed and feeding effect on shrimp |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-10 修订日期：2024-06-04 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20240510001 |
| 中文关键词: 凡纳对虾 复合益生菌 发酵饲料 工艺优化 生长性能 生理功效 |
| 英文关键词: Penaeus vannamei Probiotic complex Fermented feed Process optimization Growth performance Physiological efficacy |
| 基金项目:广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B0202010009)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究选用从凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)肠道中筛选出的3株高效益生菌：枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)和酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)作为发酵菌株，利用正交实验优化复合菌株发酵饲料的工艺条件，并探究了发酵饲料对凡纳对虾生长性能和消化、免疫功能的影响，旨在提升配合饲料的营养性能，建立对虾饲料发酵技术。3株益生菌按1%∶1%∶1%接种，通过正交实验优化复合益生菌发酵饲料的发酵温度、料水比、发酵时间，获得3个高效发酵饲料(pH最低组、酸溶蛋白最高组、酸性多糖最高组)的工艺条件。3个高效发酵饲料组经28 d饲喂实验，结果显示，凡纳对虾的存活率、增重率和特定生长率均明显升高。pH最低组和酸溶蛋白最高组的饲料转化率显著下降(P<0.05)，低pH组和酸溶蛋白组的肝胰腺指数明显升高，且各发酵饲料组对虾粗脂肪含量无明显差异；与对照组相比，酸性多糖组肝胰腺和肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性显著升高(P<0.05)；各发酵饲料组血细胞数量、吞噬率从大到小为酸性多糖组、低pH组、酸溶蛋白组，Pen3和Crustin基因表达明显升高，而肠道Pen3、Crustin和ALF基因表达均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)，各发酵饲料组炎症因子变化不显著。由此可见，通过优化3株益生菌的发酵工艺获得的pH最低组、酸溶蛋白最高组、酸性多糖最高组3种高效的发酵饲料能明显提高凡纳对虾的生长性能和免疫防御水平，经综合评估酸性多糖组可作为凡纳对虾最佳的高效发酵饲料。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, three efficient probiotic strains, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, isolated from the intestine of Penaeus vannamei, were selected as fermentation strains. This study focused on optimizing the process conditions of compound probiotic fermented feed by orthogonal experiments and investigating the effects on growth performance, digestion, and immunity function of P. vannamei fed with fermented feeds, with the aim of improving the nutritional performance of the compound feed and establishing a fermentation technology for shrimp feed. The results showed that with an inoculation ratio of the three strains of 1%:1%:1%, the process conditions of three efficient fermented feeds (the lowest pH group, the highest acid-soluble protein group, and the highest acid polysaccharide group) were obtained by optimizing the fermentation temperature, water ratio, and fermentation time through orthogonal experiments. During the 28-day feeding experiment, shrimp fed the three fermented feed groups exhibited an increase in survival rate, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate. The lowest pH and highest acid-soluble protein groups had significantly lower feed conversion rates (P<0.05). The hepatopancreatic index of shrimp in the lowest pH group and the highest acid-soluble protein group increased significantly, whereas there was no significant difference in the crude lipid content among the three fermented feed groups. In addition, the protease and amylase activities of the hepatopancreas and intestine in the highest acidic polysaccharide group increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the total hemocyte count and phagocytosis rate were the highest in the highest acidic polysaccharide group, followed by the lowest pH and highest acid-soluble protein groups. The gene expression of Pen3 and Crustin in hemocytes increased significantly, whereas the expression of Pen3, Crustin, and ALF increased significantly in the intestine (P<0.05). However, the expression levels of inflammatory factors did not differ significantly among the three fermented feed groups. In conclusion, the three fermented feed groups, obtained by optimizing the fermentation process of the three probiotic strains, significantly improved the growth performance and immune defense level of P. vannamei. After comprehensive evaluation, the acidic polysaccharide group was found to be the most efficient fermentation feed for P. vannamei. |
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