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| 稳定同位素指示的长山列岛海藻场刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)食物来源解析 |
| Food source analysis of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in seaweed bed of Changshan Archipelago indicated by stable isotopes |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-17 修订日期：2025-03-30 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 刺参，稳定同位素，食物源，大型藻类，海草 |
| 英文关键词: Sea cucumber, Stable isotope, Food source, Macroalgae, Sea grass |
| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金面上项目（ZR2022MD027）；自然资源部渤海站开放基金（BH202407,BH202408）；深圳市一个地球自然基金（P00PF001022） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 刺参具有多种营养物质和生物学功能,受生长环境和产出方式的影响,不同产地刺参成份有较大差异,其中食物来源是主要因素之一。本研究基于碳、氮稳定同位素的指示,在识别长山列岛海藻场刺参营养级的基础上,进一步分析了它的主要食物来源。研究结果显示海藻场刺参δ13C平均值为-19.48‰,δ15N平均值为8.81‰。其中,海藻场底播刺参δ13C和δ15N平均值分别为-19.13‰和9.97‰,均高于海藻场野生刺参(平均值为-19.84‰、7.66‰)。相应的海藻场野生刺参相对营养级为2.32,比海藻场底播区域刺参营养级3.00低0.68,处于所采海洋生物最低营养级位置。大型藻类的δ13C范围在-29.32‰至-11.19‰,δ15N范围在3.32‰至14.64‰,覆盖了海藻场刺参的稳定同位素值分布范围。相应的,食物源贡献度结果显示大型藻对海藻场野生刺参具有最高的贡献度0.78,长山列岛海藻场野生刺参的摄食偏好依次为：大型海藻(褐藻、红藻、绿藻)、微藻、鳗草,以及其他海洋生物。基于稳定同位素特征的指示,本研究比较了长山列岛海藻场不同刺参的营养级和食物来源差异,并通过与其他海域刺参比较,探讨了食物来源对刺参产地溯源的积极意义,为海产品溯源提供相应的研究基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, belonging to the family Stichopodidae, is mainly distributed in seaweed bed in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea of China. It is characterized as high nutritional value and delicious taste, containing polysaccharides, saponins, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids and other bioactive substances. It possesses multiple biological functions, such as cancer prevention, immune regulation, prevention digestive tract injury, reduction inflammation and other pharmacological effects. The multiple nutrients and biological functions of sea cucumber are influenced by environment and output process.
Food sources are considered the main factors leading to variation in their chemical composition. This study revealed the trophic level and food sources of sea cucumber in the seaweed bed of Changshan Archipelago based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analysis.
The average δ13C value of macroalgae was -20.24‰, ranging from -29.32‰ to -11.19‰, while the average δ15N value was 8.13‰, ranging from 3.32‰ to 14.64‰, which covered the distribution range of sea cucumber values. The average δ13C and δ15N values of sea cucumbers from our research area were -19.48‰ and 8.81‰, respectively, with δ13C ranging from -22.04‰ to -17.15‰ and δ15N ranging from 6.40‰ to 11.54‰. The average δ13C and δ15N values of sea cucumbers from sowing area were -19.13‰ and 9.97‰, significantly higher than those of wild sea cucumbers (p < 0.01), which had value of -19.84‰ and 7.66‰ in the seaweed bed. These results indicated that macroalgae in the seaweed bed were dominated the food sources of the wild sea cucumbers, while sowing sea cucumbers retained some stable isotopic characteristics acquired during the breeding process.
The average relative trophic level of wild sea cucumbers was 2.32, the lowest among the marine animals collected, which was 0.68 lower than that of sea cucumbers in the sowing area (3.00). Sea cucumbers exhibited a low trophic level similar to other echinoderms, such as sea urchin (2.39 ± 0.15), and shared this characteristic with most shellfish including Abalone rugosa (2.33 ± 0.08), Mussel purpurea (2.48 ± 0.12), Oyster (2.56 ± 0.12). However, the trophic level of mollusks like shellfish was not significantly higher than that of sowing sea cucumbers. The trophic level of wild and sowing sea cucumber was significantly lower than that of sea star Asterias amurensis (3.33 ± 0.50) (p < 0.01). The trophic level results indicated that wild sea cucumbers were the primary consumers in the seaweed bed with their potential food sources being local primary producers. The δ13C values of macroalgae ranged from -29.32‰ to -11.19‰, and δ15N values ranged from 3.32‰ to 14.64‰, encompassing the stable isotope values of sea cucumbers, indicating that macroalgae contributed the most diet of wild sea cucumbers with a contribution degree of 0.78. Based on this result, macroalgae were further subdivide into brown algae, green algae and red algae as different food sources.
The average δ13C of red algae was -22.80‰, ranging from -29.32‰ to -17.70‰, which was significantly lower than that of green algae and brown algae (p < 0.01). The average δ15N of red algae was 8.10‰, ranging from 6.12‰ to 10.60‰. The average δ13C of brown algae was-20.10‰, ranging from -27.45‰ to -14.61‰. The average δ15N of brown algae was 7.26‰, ranging from 3.32‰ to 11.72‰, which was significantly lower than that of green algae and red algae (p < 0.01), and close to that of wild sea cucumber (average δ13C and δ15N values were -19.84‰ and 7.66‰, respectively). The average δ13C of green algae was -19.33‰, ranging from -24.76‰ to -11.19‰. The average δ15N of green algae was 9.12‰, ranging from 4.72‰ to 14.64‰, which was significantly higher than that of red algae and brown algae (p < 0.01). The average contribution degree of brown algae to the diet of wild sea cucumber was 0.320, ranged from 0.02 to 0.76. The average contribution of red algae was 0.224, ranging from 0 to 0.56. The average contribution of green algae was 0.222, ranging from 0 to 0.52. The feeding preferences of wild sea cucumber in seaweed beds were as follows: large algae (brown algae > red algae > green algae) > microalgae > seagrass, and other marine organisms.
Stable isotope analysis (SIA) has been proven to be a reliable and effective method for determining the geographical origin of aquatic products, which can be attributed to its contribution to food source traceability. The stable isotope characteristics of sea cucumbers indicate differences in food sources from different locations or production methods. To further compare these differences, sea cucumbers from Dalian, Penglai, Laizhou and other coastal areas were induced in the discussion to reveal regional variations. In this study, we identified the differences between wild and cultured sea cucumbers from various growth localities in terms of food sources and stable isotope characteristics, which helped us understand the food sources of sea cucumbers in the seaweed beds and provided essential evidence for traceability. |
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