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| 北方寒地池塘养殖克氏原螯虾雌雄可食品质比较研究 |
| Study on the Edible Quality of Procambarus clarkii with Different Gender Reared in the Cold Regions’ Pond |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-21 修订日期：2025-04-10 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 克氏原螯虾 性别 寒地 池塘养殖 可食品质 |
| 英文关键词: Procambarus clarkii gender differences cold region nutritional quality |
| 基金项目:中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2023TD59) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究性别差异对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)的可食品质影响,本研究采用北方寒地池塘养成的雌雄成体克氏原螯虾为研究对象,探究其在相似规格条件下的可食率参数(螯体比、肝胰腺指数、腹部出肉率)和品质特性(常规营养成分、脂肪酸、游离氨基酸和矿物质元素)。结果表明:雌虾螯足重CW和螯体比CP极显著低于雄虾,而肝胰腺重HW、腹部肌肉重AMW、肝胰腺指数HSI和腹部出肉率MY则极显著高于雄虾(P<0.01)；雌虾肝胰腺水分极显著低于雄虾,而总脂含量则极显著高于雄虾(P<0.01)；雌虾肝胰腺中总饱和脂肪酸∑SFA和总单不饱和脂肪酸∑MUFA显著低于雄虾,而总多不饱和脂肪酸∑PUFA则显著高于雄虾(P<0.05)；性别差异对游离氨基酸FAA影响较小,仅雌虾肌肉中脯氨酸Pro显著高于雄虾(P<0.05)；雌虾肌肉中总鲜味氨基酸∑TUV、总甜味氨基酸∑TSV低于雄虾,而总苦味氨基酸∑TBV则高于雄虾；性别差异对矿物质元素积累影响较小(P>0.05),但不同组织间钠Na、钾K、镁Mg和铁Fe元素含量明显存在差异。综上,性别对克氏原螯虾可食率、常规营养成分和肝胰腺中脂肪酸影响较大,而对游离氨基酸、矿物质元素和肌肉中脂肪酸影响较小。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, was a benthic crustacean which was good at jumping and crawling. Traditional culture areas included the Yangtze River basin in Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, etc. However, the culture areas of Procambarus clarkii in northern regions, represented by Heilongjiang Province, was gradually expanding, and the yield was increasing year by year with breakthroughs in the cultivation and breeding technology of Procambarus clarkii seedlings in cold regions. To investigate the effect of gender difference on the edible quality of Procambarus clarkii reared in the cold region’s pond, the sexually mature female and male Procambarus clarkii were collected to explore their edible parameters (chelate proportion, hepatosomatic index, meat yield) and quality characteristics (proximate composition, fatty acids, free amino acids, and mineral elements) under similar body weight (BW). The results illustrated that the cheliform weight (CW) and chelate proportion (CP) of the females were extremely significantly lower than those of the males, while the hepatopancreas weight (HW), abdominal muscle weight (AMW), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and meat yield (MY) were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01). The female hepatopancreas moisture was extremely significantly lower than that of the males, while the total lipid was extremely significantly higher (P<0.01). The total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA) in the female hepatopancreas were significantly lower than those of the males, while the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) were significantly higher (P<0.05), especially ALA, ARA, EPA, and DHA. In addition, the ∑EFA and ∑HUFA, ∑n-3 PUFA, ∑n-6 PUFA, n-3/n-6 PUFA, DHA+EPA, and h/H were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of the males (P<0.05; P<0.01). The differences in fatty acids between female and male adult Procambarus clarkii muscles (7 items) were significantly lower than those in the hepatopancreas (31 items), with only C16:1n7, C17:1n7, LA, ALA, ARA, C20:3n3, and ∑EFA showing significant or extremely significant differences (P<0.05; P<0.01). Small influence was detected on the free amino acid (FAA) with different gender. Only the female muscle proline (Pro) was significantly higher than that of the males (P<0.05). The ∑EFAA was slightly higher in the hepatopancreas than that in the muscles, but lower Arg and ∑FAA were observed. The total umami values (∑TUV), total sweetness values (∑TSV), and the total bitterness values (∑TBV) in the female hepatopancreas were all lower than those of the males. Additionally, the ∑TUV and ∑TSV in the female muscle were also lower than those of the males, but the ∑TBV were higher. A relatively small impact on mineral element accumulation was observed, but there were obviously different contents of Na, K, Mg, and Fe elements both the females and males (P>0.05). The content and proportion of Fe elements in the hepatopancreas of Procambarus clarkii were significantly higher than those in the muscles, indicating that the hepatopancreas could be an important source of Fe intake for the human body. In summary, gender had a significant impact on the edible yield, proximate composition, and fatty acids in the hepatopancreas of Procambarus clarkii, as well as a relatively small impact on free amino acids, mineral elements, and fatty acids in muscles. This study will provide basic data for understanding the differences in edible quality between different genders of Procambarus clarkii reared in the cold regions’ pond. |
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