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| 基于环境DNA技术探究海南文昌海草床-珊瑚礁连通性生境的鱼类多样性与连通性研究 |
| Assessing Fish Diversity and Habitat Connectivity in Interconnected Seagrass-Coral Reef Ecosystems of Wenchang, Hainan: An Environmental DNA-Based Approach |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-17 修订日期：2025-05-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 环境DNA(eDNA) 海草床 珊瑚礁 连通性 鱼类多样性 群落结构 |
| 英文关键词: environmental DNA (eDNA) seagrass beds coral reefs connectivity fish diversity community structure |
| 基金项目:海南省科技专项项目(ZDYF2023SHFZ101，,ZDYF2024SHFZ070 )资助、国家自然科学基金（32360917，42376114，42166004）、海南大学科研启动基金项目(KYQD(ZR)21130) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 海草床与珊瑚礁作为典型的高生产力的近岸生态系统,其间的生态连通性在维持区域鱼类多样性和生态功能中发挥着关键作用。本研究以海南文昌海草床-珊瑚礁连续生境为研究区域,基于eDNA宏条形码技术于2021年6月、8月和10月开展3个月份水样采样,以评估两种生境的鱼类多样性和潜在的连通性物种。共检测出193种鱼类,其中133种为两个生境共有,海草床和珊瑚礁生境特有物种分别为41种和19种。群落组成分析显示尽量两种生境在目、科水平的丰度占比存在较大差异,但均以虾虎目(Gobiidae)为主要类群。海草床的Chao1指数高于珊瑚礁,反应出潜在物种丰富度较高,而珊瑚礁生境在Pielou、Shannon和Simpson指数上则表现出更高的物种均匀性与多样性水平。主坐标分析和 PERMANOVA 检验结果显示两种生境的鱼类群落结构存在显著差异(R2 =0.356,P=0.01) 。基于LEfSe分析,金焰笛鲷(Lutjanus fulviflamma )、奥奈银鲈(Gerres oyena )等是海草床的指示物种,而卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus mookalee)和紫红笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)是珊瑚礁生境的指示种(LDA>3.0)。共现网络分析结果显示,鲻鱼(Mugil cephalus)在两种生境中均具有最高的介数中心性,可能为维持文昌海草床和珊瑚礁连续生境的关键连接物种。此外,鲻鱼(M. cephalus)、长棘银鲈(Gerres filamentosus)和瓜氏下鱵鱼(Hyporhamphus quoyi )是同时出现在两生境的共现网络中,可能是连通两种生境的关键物种。研究结果表明,eDNA 技术可以作为传统鱼类资源调查的一个重要辅助手段,在识别潜在生态连接物种、解析生境连通机制方面具有显著优势,为鱼类资源评估及近岸典型生态系统的科学保护提供数据支撑与方法参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Seagrass beds and coral reefs, as highly productive nearshore ecosystems, play a critical role in maintaining regional fish diversity and ecological functions through their ecological connectivity. This study focused on the seagrass bed-coral reef continuum in Wenchang, Hainan, China. Using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding technology, water samples were collected in June, August, and October 2021 to assess fish diversity and identify potential connectivity species between these two habitats. A total of 193 fish species were detected, with 133 species shared between both habitats. Seagrass beds and coral reefs harbored 41 and 19 unique species, respectively. Community composition analysis revealed significant differences in order- and family-level abundance distributions between habitats, though both were dominated by Gobiiformes. The Chao1 index was higher in seagrass beds, indicating greater potential species richness, while coral reefs exhibited superior Pielou, Shannon, and Simpson indices, reflecting higher species evenness and diversity. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and PERMANOVA tests confirmed significant structural divergence in fish communities between habitats (R2= 0.356, P = 0.01). LEfSe analysis identified Lutjanus fulviflamma and Gerres oyena as indicator species for seagrass beds (LDA > 3.0), whereas Trachinotus mookalee and Lutjanus argentimaculatus were indicators for coral reefs. Co-occurrence network analysis highlighted Mugil cephalus as having the highest betweenness centrality in both habitats, suggesting its role as a key connector. Additionally, M. cephalus, Gerres filamentosus, and Hyporhamphus quoyi formed cross-habitat co-occurrence networks, potentially serving as critical linkage species. These findings demonstrate that eDNA technology serves as a robust supplementary tool to traditional fish surveys, offering distinct advantages in identifying ecological connectivity species and deciphering habitat linkage mechanisms. This study provides critical data and methodological references for fish resource assessments and science-based conservation of coastal ecosystems. |
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