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| 鱼皮明胶功能特性和改性方式研究进展 |
| Research progress on functional characteristics and modification methods of fish skin gelatin |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-08 修订日期：2025-06-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 鱼皮明胶 功能特性 改性方法 稳定性 乳化性能[1] |
| 英文关键词: Fish skin gelatin Functional properties Modification methods Stability Emulsification performance. |
| 基金项目:广西自然科学基金（2025GXNFBA069520）、广西重点研发项目（AB23026134、AB23026063、AB23026032） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 鱼皮明胶作为一种来源广泛且具有优异生物活性的天然功能性蛋白,在食品、医药及生物材料等领域展现出广泛的应用潜力。然而,其机械性能较弱、热稳定性不足以及不同鱼种来源所导致的功能特性差异,限制了其工业应用。本文综述了鱼皮明胶的结构组成及其对凝胶性能的影响,深入探讨了其乳化体系的形成机制及改性策略,并总结了提高鱼皮明胶热稳定性和乳化性能的关键方法,包括物理改性、化学改性及酶促改性技术。研究表明,交联、糖基化、共混及新型加工技术(如紫外照射、超声处理、亚临界水水解等)可有效改善鱼皮明胶的功能特性,显著提升其在食品加工、生物医用材料及功能性包装领域的应用价值。通过研究鱼皮明胶有望在食品、医药等领域的可持续发展中发挥关键作用,不仅推动鱼皮的高值化利用,还为环境保护提供科学依据与技术支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Fish skin gelatin, a naturally derived functional protein with excellent bioactivity and widespread availability, holds significant potential for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and biomaterial industries. However, its industrial utilization is constrained by inherent limitations such as weak mechanical properties, inadequate thermal stability, and variations in functional characteristics arising from different fish species. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural composition of fish skin gelatin and its impact on gel properties, elucidates the mechanisms underlying its emulsification system, and examines various modification strategies. Furthermore, key approaches for improving its thermal stability and emulsification performance—including physical, chemical, and enzymatic modifications—are systematically discussed. Recent studies indicate that techniques such as cross-linking, glycosylation, blending, and emerging processing technologies (e.g., UV irradiation, ultrasonic treatment, and subcritical water hydrolysis) can effectively enhance the functional properties of fish skin gelatin, thereby expanding its applicability in food processing, biomedical materials, and functional packaging. Advancing research on fish skin gelatin is expected to play a pivotal role in fostering sustainable development in the food and pharmaceutical industries, facilitating the high-value utilization of fish skin, and providing scientific and technological support for environmental conservation. |
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