|
|
| |
|
|
| 本文已被：浏览 27次 下载 9次 |
码上扫一扫！ |
|
|
| 北美海蓬子对养殖尾水盐度和营养盐水平的适应能力研究 |
|
迟赛赛1,2, 李秋芬2, 罗梓峻3, 孙波4, 田文杰5, 马莹6, 董志国1, 崔正国2
|
|
1.江苏海洋大学海洋科学与水产学院 江苏 连云港 222000;2.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266071;3.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266072;4.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266073;5.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266074;6.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266075
|
|
| 摘要: |
| 为研究耐盐植物北美海蓬子(Salicornia bigelovii)对海水养殖尾水不同营养盐浓度和盐度配比的适应能力，分别配制低(LNC)、中(MNC)、高(HNC) 3个营养盐浓度等级和0、20、30、40 4个盐度等级交叉的海水养殖尾水，灌溉培育60 d，同时测定北美海蓬子的生长(地上部生长高度、茎节数、腋芽与分支数、生物量)和生理[叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)]指标。结果显示，在中低营养盐水平下，0~30盐度范围内北美海蓬子地上部生长高度、茎节数、腋芽与分支数以及鲜重、干重积累量最高可达15.86 cm、13节、18个、29.88 g、1.35 g，显著高于40盐度水平的11.52 cm、10节、12个、21.2 g、0.72 g (P<0.05)，且在盐度20及30下更有利于其茎节分化，而当盐度达到40时植株受到明显胁迫，北美海蓬子MDA含量显著高于其他盐度水平(P<0.05)。高营养盐条件下，盐度40虽不利于植株干物质积累，但其他生长指标无显著性差异，说明营养盐浓度的升高可以有效减轻不同盐度对北美海蓬子生长差异性的影响并缓解高盐度下的胁迫效应；同时，高营养盐处理组平均叶绿素含量为3.24 mg/(g·FW)，显著高于低营养盐组[2.28 mg/(g·FW) ]和中度营养盐组[2.45 mg/(g·FW)] (P<0.05)，说明营养盐浓度升高促进了植株叶绿素合成。因此，北美海蓬子可耐受0~30的盐浓度范围，适度盐度(20、30)更有利于其生长，此外，提高营养盐浓度可以缓解盐胁迫作用及削弱不同盐度对北美海蓬子生长造成的差异性，并有利于叶绿素合成。综上所述，北美海蓬子可作为净污植物处理高盐度富营养化养殖尾水，同时具有作为耐盐植物进行大规模推广应用的潜力。 |
| 关键词: 耐盐植物 北美海蓬子 海水养殖尾水 盐胁迫 富营养化 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20240926003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(42176219)和国家重点研发计划(2019YFD091200)共同资助 |
|
| The adaptability of Salicornia bigelovii to salinity and nutrient levels in aquaculture effluent |
|
CHI Saisai1,2, LI Qiufen2, LUO Zijun3, SUN Bo4, TIAN Wenjie5, MA Ying6, DONG Zhiguo1, CUI Zhengguo2
|
|
1.College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China;2.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China;4.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266073, China;5.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266074, China;6.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266075, China
|
| Abstract: |
| The rapid development of mariculture has resulted in the direct discharge of untreated nutrient-rich effluents containing organic matter, inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients into the ocean, which can lead to eutrophication, causing excessive algae growth, disrupting marine ecological balance, and presenting serious threats to coastal ecosystems. Therefore, the effective treatment and resource utilization of aquaculture effluents have become urgent considerations. The current methods for treating aquaculture effluents include physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Biological treatment, particularly using plants, is widely used owing to its environmental friend nature. Plants can absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from water, thereby facilitating the degradation and treatment of pollutants. Therefore, using nutrient-rich aquaculture effluents for plant irrigation reduces environmental pollution and cultivates economically viable halophytes, maximizing resource utilization. However, the high salinity of mariculture effluents limits the use of traditional terrestrial plants, making the selection and cultivation of halophytes that can thrive in high-salinity environments a notable research topic. Although various halophytes have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of mariculture effluents, their salinity tolerance range is often below that of natural seawater, with some plants presenting ecological risks or having poor regional adaptability. Therefore, Salicornia bigelovii, known for its unique salt tolerance, broad ecological adaptability, and economic value, has attracted considerable attention. This study aimed to explore the adaptability and potential of S. bigelovii in treating aquaculture effluents by analyzing its growth and physiological-biochemical responses under different nutrient concentrations and salinity conditions. Through a cross-experiment with four salinity levels (0, 20, 30 and 40) and three eutrophication levels (LNC: low nutrient concentration, MNC: moderate nutrient concentration, and HNC: high nutrient concentration) over 60 days, we monitored the growth indices (aboveground height, number of nodes, number of axillary buds and branches, and biomass) and physiological-biochemical indices (chlorophyll content, and MDA content) of S. bigelovii to analyze its adaptability to different mariculture effluents. The results showed that, under medium-low nutrient levels, S. bigelovii exhibited strong growth adaptability within the 0–30 salinity range. Its aboveground growth height, number of axillary buds and branches, node number, and fresh and dry weight accumulation were significantly higher than those at 40 salinity level (P<0.05). Additionally, 20 and 30 salinity levels were more conducive to node differentiation, indicating that S. bigelovii can effectively cope with moderate salt stress environments through self-regulation mechanisms and maintain stable growth patterns. When the salinity reached 40, the MDA content was significantly higher than those of other salinity levels (P<0.05), indicating substantial significant stress, suggesting that its salt endurance is limited despite having good salt tolerance. Moreover, increasing nutrient concentrations effectively reduced the impact of various salinity levels on the differential growth of S. bigelovii and mitigated the stress effects at 40 salinity while promoting chlorophyll synthesis. This indicates that S. bigelovii is adaptable to high-nutrient environments and can effectively absorb and utilize nutrients from aquaculture effluents. Additionally, under combined high-nutrient and high-salinity (40) treatments, S. bigelovii’s growth indices remained relatively stable, and MDA levels did not significantly increase, although some effect was observed. This further confirmed the important role of increased nutrient concentrations in enhancing plant resistance and survival ability under high-salinity conditions. The reasons may be that under high-salinity stress, S. bigelovii adopted multiple physiological and biochemical responses: Increasing leaf succulence to accumulate salt ions in succulent leaves and green vacuoles, thereby reducing salt ion toxicity; synthesizing osmotic regulatory substances to enhance osmotic regulation capacity, ensuring normal water supply to cells, synthesizing and accumulating osmotic protectants to enhance cell osmotic regulation and maintain water balance; and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity to scavenge reactive oxygen species, thus reducing cellular damage. The mitigation of stress effects with increased nutrient concentrations may be due to the presence of abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace elements such as iron, copper, zinc, and silicon in the effluents, which are beneficial for plant growth. Consequently, S. bigelovii can be used as a phytoremediation plant for treating high-salinity eutrophic mariculture effluents and has the potential for large-scale promotion as a salt-tolerant economic plant. |
| Key words: Salt-tolerant plants Salicornia bigelovii Maricultural effluent Salt stress Eutrophication |
|
|
|
|