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| 长岛附近海域夏秋季贝类毒素污染特征及潜在来源解析 |
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邓宇翔1,2, 程玲3, 吴海燕2, 袁承旭4, 谭志军2,5, 郑关超2
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1.上海海洋大学食品学院 上海 201306;2.农业农村部水产品质量安全检测与评价重点实验室 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266071;3.山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东 烟台 264006;4.长岛海洋生态文明综合试验区海洋经济促进中心 山东 烟台 265800;5.海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266071
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| 摘要: |
| 黄渤海海域的有害赤潮是研究者与监管部门持续关注的环境问题，长岛县地处黄渤海交汇海域，有潜在的海洋毒素污染风险。本研究以6―10月长岛附近海域贝类、浮游植物、沉积物为研究对象，通过分析不同样品中麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PSTs)、脂溶性贝类毒素(lipophilic shellfish toxins, LSTs)、软骨藻酸贝类毒素(domoic acid, DA)的残留及污染特征，探究长岛附近海域贝类毒素污染情况及潜在风险来源。结果显示，LSTs和DA的检出率、含量均较低。PSTs在不同月份、样品中均有检出，其中，9月贝类与浮游植物PSTs含量最高，但所有样品均未超出安全限量。在浮游植物高通量测序结果中发现，6―10月均有亚历山大属藻类(Alexandrium spp.)检出，9月丰度最高，且在沉积物中也发现亚历山大属藻孢囊，推测本研究中PSTs产毒藻可能为亚历山大属藻类。虽然长岛附近海域PSTs含量较黄渤海其他海域低，但仍存在PSTs污染潜在风险，应加强对贝类毒素污染监测。本研究结果可为长岛附近海域水产养殖区毒素污染的早期预警提供基础数据。 |
| 关键词: 贝类毒素 长岛 污染特征 潜在来源 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20240730001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(32472451; 42276219)、国家自然科学基金青年项目(42306162)、山东省自然科学基金青年项目(ZR2023QC148)、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费(20603022023006)、中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2023TD76; 2023TD28)和国家现代农业(贝类)产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-49)共同资助 |
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| Pollution characteristics and potential sources of shellfish toxins in summer and autumn in the sea area near Changdao Island |
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DENG Yuxiang1,2, CHENG Ling3, WU Haiyan2, YUAN Chengxu4, TAN Zhijun2,5, ZHENG Guanchao2
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1.College of Food Sciences & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3.Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China;4.Marine Ecological Civilization Comprehensive Experimental Area of Changdao, Yantai 265800, China;5.State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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| Abstract: |
| From 1990 to 2020, red tides of Alexandrium tamarense—which produces paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs)—were monitored in the waters of the Nanhuangcheng Island Sea area in Changdao County, China, with a cumulative affected area of 2.37 km2. PST-producing Gymnodinium spp. were also detected in the Yantai Sishili Bay and Weihai coastal waters, with a cumulative affected area of 48.88 km2. In 2020, lipophilic shellfish toxin (LST)-producing Dinophysis spp. were detected in the North Yellow Sea. In 2021, amnesic shellfish toxin (AST)-producing Pseudo-nitzschia was detected in small quantities in the typical Patinopecten yessoensis culture area of Zhangzi Island and Yantai Sishili Bay in the North Yellow Sea. PSTs, LSTs, ASTs, and their toxin-producing algae are widely found in the Yellow and Bohai seas.
Shellfish and phytoplankton samples were collected from waters off Changdao Island from June to October 2023, and screened for 29 shellfish toxins, including 14 PSTs, 14 LSTs, and domoic acid (DA). PSTs and LSTs were detected throughout the survey period, whereas DA was not. The main detected components of PSTs were GTX1, GTX2/3, C1, and C2, while LSTs were detected less frequently and at low concentration, and PTX2 was detected only in the Chlamys farreri sample of June (2.46 μg PTX2eq./kg SM), which is much lower than the current EU safety limit of 160 μg PTX2eq./kg SM. As the risks of DA and LSTs in the sea area around Changdao Island were low in this study, we focused on analyzing the pollution characteristics and potential sources of PSTs. None of the PSTs detected in the shellfish samples from June to October exceeded the EFSA safety limits. The GTX2, GTX5, C1, and C2 of PST components were detected, with GTX2 being the highest detection rate of 53.3 %, and C1 being the maximum concentration of 179 μg/kg. Among the shellfish samples collected during the entire survey period, PSTs were not detected in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas in June and August, and in all shellfish samples collected in July. PSTs were detected in Chlamys farreri in September at 478 μg/kg, the highest concentration among all the months, followed by Chlamys farreri in October at 221 μg/kg. Among the phytoplankton samples, PSTs were detected at stations S2, S3, and S4 in September and at stations S1 and S2 in October, with relatively low concentrations of PSTs. PSTs were not detected in other months or stations. The highest level of PSTs in phytoplankton was 23.92 μg/L at station S2 in September, and the average level was 20.7 μg/L. The average PST level in October was 2.67 μg/L. In October, only two components were detected at stations S1 and S2—dcGTX3 and GTX4. In September, PSTs were more abundant, with seven components: GTX1/4, GTX2, dcGTX3, GTX5, and C1/2. High-throughput analysis of phytoplankton revealed the presence of eight Alexandrium spp. with the highest abundance of Alexandrium spp. in September. Alexandrium spp. cysts were found in the sediments in September, which suggests that the toxicity-producing algae of PSTs in the Changdao Island waters in the present study may be Alexandrium spp.
Although PST concentrations in the samples off Changdao Island were relatively low compared to other regions in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, there is still a potential risk of PST contamination. To guarantee the quality and safety of aquatic products, monitoring of shellfish toxins should be strengthened to provide basic data for the early warning of toxin contamination in aquaculture areas. |
| Key words: Shellfish toxins Changdao Island Pollution characteristics Potential source |
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