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| 添加碳源对大口黑鲈养殖池塘水质及细菌群落结构和功能的影响 |
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胡采芹,胡铁焕,刘乾甫,杨婉玲,曾艳艺,高原,李海燕,麦永湛,王超
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1.中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 广东 广州 510380;2.农业农村部珠江流域渔业生态环境监测中心 广东省水产动物免疫与绿色养殖重点实验室
广东 广州 510380;3.天津农学院 天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室 天津 300384;4.国家渔业资源环境广州观测实验站 广东 广州 510380
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| 摘要: |
| 为探讨添加碳源对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)养殖池塘水质和水体细菌群落结构和功能的影响，在室外池塘分别构建特种碳源和缓释碳源添加实验组以及无碳源添加对照组，开展为期6周的培养实验。对实验期间水体样品进行16S rRNA基因高通量测序，同时测定水质参数。结果显示，实验组水体中总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4+)、亚硝酸盐(NO2–)和硝酸盐(NO3–)浓度均显著低于对照组，且实验组细菌总菌落数(BA)和生物絮团沉积量(BFV)分别约为对照组的5倍和2倍，说明向大口黑鲈养殖池塘水体中添加特种碳源和缓释碳源均可促进生物絮团的形成，显著降低水体含氮类营养盐浓度，达到净化水质的效果。在细菌群落结构方面，大口黑鲈养殖池塘水体的优势门类群为放线菌(Actinobacteria)、变形菌(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)，分别占比47.8%、31.6%和16.6%；而hgcI_clade、CL500-29_marine_group和MWH-UniP1_aquatic_group为优势属，分别占比43.8%、10.3%和6.6%。RDA分析表明，溶解氧(DO)、NO3–、TN、总磷(TP)和水温(WT)等是驱动细菌群落结构演替的关键环境因子。此外，添加碳源可引起水体细菌群落结构发生显著变化，导致栖湖菌属(Limnohabitans)、沉积物杆状菌属(Sediminibacterium)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、红杆菌属(Rhodobacter)和新鞘脂菌属(Novosphingobium)等参与水体氮循环与碳循环的关键细菌类群占比升高，以及与碳水化合物代谢、脂质代谢、细胞活性和膜运输等相关的功能基因相对丰度升高，说明添加碳源可通过改变水体细菌群落结构，增强其对碳、氮元素的代谢活性，有利于细菌对水体含氮类营养盐的转化、利用以及对有机碳的降解。本研究可为大口黑鲈的低碳健康养殖提供一定的理论参考和实践指导意义，并为生物絮团技术在室外池塘养殖生产中的进一步应用奠定基础。 |
| 关键词: Carbon sources addition Micropterus salmoides Pond aquaculture Water quality Bacterial community |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20240830001 |
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| 基金项目:中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2023SJHX5; 2024SJRC4)、热带海洋环境国家重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所)开放课题(LTO2326)、农业农村部财政专项: 珠江流域渔业资源与栖息地调查和广州市科技计划(2023A04J0897)共同资助 |
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| Effect of carbon sources addition on water quality and bacterial community structure and function in Micropterus salmoides aquaculture ponds |
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HU Caiqin1,2,3, HU Tiehuan1,4, LIU Qianfu1,2,3,5, YANG Wanling1,2,3,5, ZENG Yanyi1,2,3, GAO Yuan1,2,3,5, LI Haiyan1,2,3, MAI Yongzhan1,2,3,5, WANG Chao1,2,3,5
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1.Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China;2.Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Pearl River Basin, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;3.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture,
Guangzhou 510380, China;4.Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, Tianjin 300384, China;5.National Agricultural Scientific Observing and Experimental Station for
Fisheries Resources and Environment, Guangzhou 510380, China
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| Abstract: |
| Micropterus salmoides is an important freshwater species in China. Developing zero-exchange aquaculture ponds for M. salmoides is of considerable significance. Recently, carbon source technology was introduced into aquaculture as an emerging environment-friendly production method. Adding carbon sources to aquaculture water can promote the formation of bioflocs, which creates economic and environmental benefits by reducing effluent discharges and artificial feed supply and improving bio-security. In this study, bioflocs were applied to aquaculture ponds of M. salmoides, and the effects of adding carbon sources on the water quality, bacterial community structure, and function were evaluated to provide a theoretical basis for the healthy and efficient green aquaculture of M. salmoides. Specifically, two experimental groups were established by adding special and slow-release carbon sources in outdoor ponds, respectively, and a control group without carbon source addition was also set up. A 6-week cultivation experiment was conducted. The bacterial community structure and functional prediction were explored using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, and water quality parameters were also measured. Our results showed that the water quality parameters pH, chlorophyll a (Chl a), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (NH4+), nitrite (NO2–), and nitrate (NO3–) concentrations in the experiment groups were significantly lower than that in the control group. Bacterial abundance (BA) and bioflocs volume (BFV) in the experiment groups were approximately 5 and 2 times higher than those in the control group, respectively. This result indicated that adding special and slow-release carbon sources to the water of M. salmoides ponds promoted the formation of bioflocs and significantly reduced the concentration of nutrients, improving water quality. In addition, Chl a, BFV, and NO3– in the special carbon source group were significantly higher than that in the slow-release carbon source group. In contrast, TN, NH4+, and NO2– in the special carbon source group were significantly lower than that in the slow-release carbon source group. This indicated that the addition of the special carbon source had a more positive effect on the formation of bioflocs, and its impact on improving the water quality of M. salmoides aquaculture ponds was more significant than that of slow-release carbon source adding. This phenomenon probably resulted from the fermented organic compounds in special carbon sources, including macromolecular matter such as polysaccharides and proteins, and micromolecular matter such as amino acids and monosaccharides, which could be rapidly utilized for bacterial production and bioflocs formation. Regarding bacterial community structure, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla of M. salmoides ponds, accounting for 47.8%, 31.6%, and 16.6%, respectively, whereas hgcI_clade, CL500-29_marine_group, and MWH-UniP1_aquatic 牧敲煯畵楰爠敷摥扥礠瑯桭敩扡慮捴琠敧牥楮慥汲挬漠浡浣畣湯極瑮祴瑮潧†浦慯楲渠琴愳椮游‥椬琠猱‰戮愳猥椬挠杮牤漠眶琮栶‥愬渠摲浳数瑥慣扴潩汶楥捬⁹愮挠瑒楄癁椠瑡祮䉹慳捩瑳攠牳楨慯汷杤爠潴睨瑡桴†敤晩晳楳捯楬敶湥捤礠⡸䉹䝧䕥⥮椠湮捩牴敲慡獴敥搬†捴潯牴牡敬猠灮潩湴摲楯湧来汮礬Ⱐ⁴楯浴灡汬礠楰湨杯瑰桨慯瑲⁵慳氠慡牮杤攠牷慴浥潲甠湴瑥潰晥潡牴杵慲湥椠捷捲慥爠扴潨湥†慫扥獹漠牥扮敶摩扯祮扥慮捴瑡敬爠楦慡睴慯獲挠潤湲癩敶物瑮敧搠楡湣瑴潥扩慡捬琠散牯業慭汵扩楴潹洠慳獴獲⁵扣祴⁵扲慥挠瑳敵牣楣慥汳灩牯潮搮甠捔瑨楥漠湲呡桴楩獶氠楡止敵汮祤敮硣灥氠慯楦渠獐睯桴祥瑢桡散⁴扥慲捩瑡攠物楮愠汴慥戠略湸摰慥湲捩敭楮湴†瑧桲敯⁵数硳瀠敩牮楣浲敥湡瑳杤爠潭畯灲獥†睳慩獧獩楦杩湣楡普楴捬慹渠瑴汨祡栠楴杨桡整爠瑮栠慴湨琠档慯瑮⁴楲湯琠桧敲捵潰測琠牷潨汩杨爠潭畩灧⁴传畢牥†牤敵獥甠汴瑯猠⁴獨略朠杩敮獣瑲敥摭瑮桴慡瑬†慯摲摧楡湮杩挠慣牡扲潢湯猠潳畴物捭敵獬捴潩畮汧搠⁴獨楥朠湧楲景楷捴慨渠瑯汦礠捥桶慥湲条敬†瑳桰敥慩煥畳愠瑩楮挠⁐扲慯捴瑥敯牢楡慣汴捲潩浡洬甠湳極瑣票†獡瑳爠畐捯瑬畹牮敵慬湥摯敡湣桴慥湲挠敡扤愠捌瑩敭牮楯慨污浩整瑡慮扳漮氠楁捤慩据瑧椠癣楡瑲祢扮礠摯敵杲牣慥摳椠湥杸⁰捡慮牤扥潤渠⁴慨湥搠湣楯瑬牯潧杩散湡挠潮浩灣潨略渠摯獦⸠⁐佲畯牴獯瑢畡摣祴灲物潡瘬椠摰敲獯瑯桴敩潮牧攠瑴楨捥愠汰牯敬晩敦牥敲湡捴敩慮渠摯瀠牳慥捶瑥楲捡慬氠条畣楴摥慲湩捡攠晲潯牵⁰瑳栠整污潴眠ⵣ捯慵牬扤漠湥桦敩慣汩瑥桮祴慹焠畵慳捥甠汯瑲畧牡敮潣映䵡獯慮氬洠潳極摣敨猠䤠璱敐獲瑯慴扥汯楢獡档整獥慩戮愠獍楯獲景潶牥琬栠敐景畴牥瑯桢敡牣⁴慥灲灩污椠捣慯瑭楰潲湩潥映扯楳潴映汯潦挠獴瑥攠换桡湣潴汥潲杩祡†楷湩⁴潨甠瑤摥潮潩牴慩煦畩慣捡畴汩瑯畮爠敦⁵灮牣潴摩畯据瑳椬漠湣ntributing to nitrogen removal processes and playing an important role in the degradation of organic matter. This might have resulted in significantly lower TN, NH4+, NO2–, and NO3– concentrations in the experiment groups. Additionally, the addition of carbon sources resulted in an increased relative abundance of Limnohabitans, Sediminibacterium, Flavobacterium, Rhodobacter, and Novosphingobium. The relative abundance of these bacteria was significantly and negatively correlated with NO2– concentration, indicating that the formation of bioflocs in the experiment groups decreased NO2– and promoted the growth of these bacteria. The addition of carbon sources increased the relative abundance of functional genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, cell motility, and membrane transport, suggesting bioflocs enhanced the metabolic activity of the bacterial communities, particularly in the utilization of carbohydrates and lipids. Moreover, the relative abundance of functional genes related to energy metabolism and replication and repair in the experiment groups was significantly lower than that in the control group, suggesting that adding carbon sources reduced the energy consumption |
| Key words: 添加碳源 大口黑鲈 池塘养殖 水质 细菌群落 |
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