| 吴元紧,黄小华,庞国良,胡昱,袁太平,陈昌平,张松.潜浮式船型桁架结构深海养殖网箱避浪性能研究.渔业科学进展,2022,43(6):18-28 |
| 潜浮式船型桁架结构深海养殖网箱避浪性能研究 |
| Study on wave resistance performance of a submersible deep-sea aquaculture cage with vessel-shaped truss structure |
| 投稿时间：2021-08-17 修订日期：2021-09-27 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20210817001 |
| 中文关键词: 潜浮式网箱 单点系泊 波浪 海流 模型试验 |
| 英文关键词: Submersible cage Single-point mooring Wave Current Model test |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1248 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 深海网箱作为现代海洋渔业拓展外海养殖空间的重要养殖装备，其布设环境一般较近海更为复杂恶劣，对于保障其安全性和稳定性提出了更高的要求。本研究针对一种单点系泊潜浮式船型桁架网箱开展了模型比尺为1︰40的波浪流水池试验，重点围绕该网箱在不同吃水深度受波浪作用的系泊受力、升沉、纵摇和横摇等水动力学特性进行了比较分析。试验结果显示，波高为7.5~12.5 cm时(原型3~5 m)，网箱漂浮状态即可以满足养殖需求，其系泊力及运动响应均较小，具备较高的安全性和稳定性；恶劣海况时，即本试验中波高为15.0和17.5 cm (原型6 m和7 m)，通过整体下潜的方式网箱具有良好的避浪性能，其中，系泊力减幅达70%以上，升沉、纵摇和横摇等运动分量减幅也达20%~60%；波流试验中，海流对网箱避浪性能存在一定的影响，但总体上仍然具有较好的避浪效果。研究结果可为单点系泊潜浮式深海网箱的安全运行与日常管理提供理论依据和数据参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| At present, China's leading offshore aquaculture cages are enormous high-density polyethylene gravity deep water cages, generally composed of floating frame systems, netting systems, counterweight systems, and mooring systems. The cage culture space is formed by the counterweight system and the netting system, therefore, it will be significantly reduced when the environmental load is large, which will affect the expected growth of the fish, even causing extrusion and other problems. This makes the cage generally choose to be installed in the coastal areas with a slight wind and wave environmental loads, such as ports and coasts, and adopt the intensive development model. In the past 20 years, this industry has provided many high-quality animal proteins to the Chinese people, alleviated the pressure of food supply to some extent, and has indispensable importance for China's marine fisheries and economic development. However, with the rapid development of science, technology, and the economy in China in recent years, the cage industry has gradually improved. The cost of cage manufacturing has decreased annually, and an increasing number of anglers have joined. Due to the lack of space and unreasonable layout of offshore aquaculture, environmental deterioration and frequent diseases are becoming increasingly severe, greatly influencing the quality and safety of aquatic products. To obtain a vast water space and high-quality environmental conditions, developing a method to explore deep-sea aquaculture vigorously is essential. Traditional gravity cages are difficult to adapt to the harsh environment of the deep sea and cannot be placed offshore for aquaculture. As one of the critical aquaculture equipment for the development of deep-sea fishery, the deep-sea cage has integrated aquaculture management with a larger main structure. Its large-scale and intelligent characteristics can significantly reduce the cost of aquaculture and improve the interests of anglers in aquaculture. However, it should be noted that the environment faced by cages operating in the deep sea is more complex and harsher than offshore cages. In particular, the East China Sea and the South China Sea are in typhoon-prone areas. They often encounter strong wind jets, causing irreversible damage to the cages. Therefore, for this new type of large-scale intelligent aquaculture equipment, we need to understand its hydrodynamic parameters in the marine environment to provide primary theoretical guidance data for the construction, site selection, and operation of the cage and ensure the safe operation and stable output of the cage.
The research object of this study is development of a new type of anti-wind wave cage with a single-point mooring system. The main body of the cage is a hybrid structure consisting of a ship truss and a floating body. The overall floating and diving off the mainframe of the cage are realized through the front and rear floating ballast water to meet the operational requirements of the aquaculture process. The single-point mooring system can adapt the cage to adjust its position during typhoons and big waves and significantly reduce the impact of wind and waves on the cage. It has the characteristics of high safety and structural stability. The research was mainly conducted through physical model tests with a model scale of 1:40. The cage's hydrodynamic characteristics (including mooring force, heave, pitch, and roll) under the wave and current were analyzed and compared. The purpose was to determine the dynamic response characteristics of the cage under the action of waves and currents and the wave resistance after diving. The cage is in a floating state during regular operation and only adjusts to a diving state when encountering strong waves and current. Therefore, three groups of tests were conducted: 1. Dynamic response characteristics of cages in floating state (7.5~12.5 cm) under general wave conditions. 2. The cage's performance in the high wave (15.0 and 17.5 cm) after diving. 3. Effect of current on the wave resistance performance of the cage under the combined action of waves and currents. The results show that under the condition of 7.5~12.5 cm wave height, the floating cage's mooring force and motion response are small, proving that it has good safety and stability and can meet aquaculture requirements under these conditions. Under severe conditions, that is, under a wave height of 15.0 and 17.5 cm in this experiment, the cage showed good wave resistance by increasing draught, in which the mooring force was reduced by more than 70%, and the motion components such as heave, pitch, and roll were also reduced by 20%~60%. In the wave combined with the current test, the current has a particular influence on the wave resistance of the cage. However, generally, it still has good wave resistance. In this study, the dynamic response characteristics of cages under wave currents were understood. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and data reference for the safe operation and daily management of single-point mooring diving cages and help the innovation of deep-sea aquaculture equipment in China to promote the development of marine fisheries. |
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