| 王美琪,宋志东,郭鹏,李宝山,王际英,黄炳山,孙永智,李培玉.饲料中添加酶解海带粉对刺参幼参生长、体组成、消化代谢和抗氧化能力的影响.渔业科学进展,2023,44(3):176-187 |
| 饲料中添加酶解海带粉对刺参幼参生长、体组成、消化代谢和抗氧化能力的影响 |
| Effects of dietary supplementation with enzymatically hydrolyzed kelp powder on growth, digestion, metabolism, and oxidation resistance of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) |
| 投稿时间：2021-12-02 修订日期：2022-01-22 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20211202002 |
| 中文关键词: 刺参 酶解海带粉 生长 消化代谢 抗氧化性能 |
| 英文关键词: Apostichopus japonicus Enzymatically hydrolyzed kelp powder Growth Digestion and metabolism Oxidation resistance |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以海带粉饲料为对照(D1)，在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)饲料中等梯度添加3% (D2)、6% (D3)、9% (D4)、12% (D5)和15% (D6)的酶解海带粉(EKP)，共配制6种等氮等能的实验饲料。实验幼参初重为(11.40±0.04) g，随机分为6组(每组3个重复)，每个重复30头幼参，每天投喂1次，养殖周期为56 d。结果显示，随着EKP添加量从0上升到15%，幼参增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)先升高后略有降低，添加6%以上EKP显著提高幼参WGR和SGR；添加12%和15% EKP显著降低了粗蛋白表观消化率，添加6%~9% EKP显著提高了总磷和总能表观消化率；添加3%~9% EKP显著提高了幼参肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性，脂肪酶活性不受影响；随EKP添加水平的升高，肠道葡萄糖激酶(GK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及谷草转氨酶(AST)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势，其中，GK和PK的活性在9%添加水平达到最大；PEPCK、ALT和AST的活性在12%添加水平达到最大。添加15% EKP显著提高了幼参肠道Na+-K+-ATPase活性，而添加6%~15% EKP显著提高了幼参肠道Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性；添加6%~15% EKP增强了幼参肠道总抗氧化能力，SOD活性在9%~12%的添加水平下显著提高，但在15%水平下显著降低。12%~15%添加水平显著升高了丙二醛含量。综上所述，饲料中添加适量EKP可提高刺参幼参的生长性能、消化和代谢活力以及抗氧化能力。经一元二次回归分析得出，EKP在刺参幼参饲料中的最适添加量为10.36%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As a raw material for aquatic feed, kelp has a large output and is rich in sugars, minerals, vitamins, free amino acids, fatty acids, etc. It is not only a natural bait for sea cucumbers in natural seas but also often used as a main ingredient in compound feed for sea cucumbers. However, kelp contains non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) which are difficult to be digested by endogenous enzymes secreted by aquatic animals.
Enzymatically hydrolyzed kelp (EKP) powder is made by hydrolyzing kelp powder with a compound enzyme preparation (NSP enzyme∶cellulase∶neutral protease∶flavor enzyme = 8∶12∶3∶1), and the compound enzyme is added at 3% (by weight). The ratio of material to liquid is 1∶6, and the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis comprise a temperature of 50 ℃, pH 6, and reaction time 6 h.
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of EKP on the growth, digestion, metabolism, and oxidation resistance of juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867). In this experiment, fish meal, kelp meal and EKP were used as the main protein sources to prepare a basic feed with a crude protein content of 12.00%, a crude fat content of 0.40%, and an energy content of 6.20 KJ/g. A total of 540 healthy sea cucumbers with an initial average weight of (11.4±0.04) g were selected and randomly assigned to 18 cylindrical circulating buckets. They were divided into 6 experimental groups with 3 replicates in each group and 30 sea cucumbers in each replicate. Six experimental diets were formulated with the graded levels of EKP, 0% (D1, control group), 3% (D2), 6% (D3), 9% (D4), 12% (D5), and 15% (D6) dry diets. The feeding period was 56 days. Bait was fed once a day at a fixed time (16:00). The water was changed every 3 days, and a siphon was used to withdraw the residual bait and feces from the bottom of the bucket. The amount of water changed was 1/2 of the water level in the bucket. The breeding experiment was run for 1 month. During the breeding period, the water temperature was 13~17 ℃, pH was 7.5~8.2, dissolved oxygen was at least 6 mg/L, and salinity was maintained at 28~30.
The results showed that: (1) The weight gain rate and specific growth rate of sea cucumbers in the D3, D4, D5 and D6 groups were significantly increased as compared to that in the control group, with the D4 group reporting the highest values. (2) The contents of water, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash in the body wall of sea cucumbers were not different among groups, but addition of EKP significantly increased the contents of methionine and cysteine. (3) The activities of intestinal amylase and protease increased first and then decreased with the EKP addition level increasing, but the lipase activity was not significantly affected. (4) Dietary incorporation of EKP significantly increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein, gross energy, total phosphorus and six amino acids. (5) The activities of intestinal glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase as well as the total antioxidant capacity increased first and then decreased; the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase or Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase showed an increasing trend with increasing EKP addition levels. The malondialdehyde content followed a trend opposite to the total antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, appropriate addition of EKP has positive effects on growth, digestion, metabolism, and oxidation resistance of A. japonicas, and it promote the growth of sea cucumbers. The predicted optimal supplemental level of EKP in the diet of A. japonicus was 10.36% (12% feed crude protein) according to the quadratic regression analysis on weight gain rate against the EKP addition levels. This research provides a theoretical basis for the use of EKP at compound feed for A. japonicus. |
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