| 王世会,罗亮,张瑞,郭坤,张旭彬,孔令杰,赵志刚.绥芬河水系野生绒螯蟹体重分布及常规营养品质.渔业科学进展,2022,43(4):61-69 |
| 绥芬河水系野生绒螯蟹体重分布及常规营养品质 |
| Body weight profile and proximate composition of adult Suifenhe Eriocheir sensu stricto |
| 投稿时间：2021-12-28 修订日期：2022-01-21 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20211228004 |
| 中文关键词: 绥芬河绒螯蟹 体重 色泽 品质 |
| 英文关键词: Suifenhe Eriocheir sensu stricto Body weight Color Quality |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto)是高盐碱耐受性水产动物，然而随着绒螯蟹种质退化等原因，北方地区养殖绒螯蟹面临规格小、抗逆性差和病害频发等问题，开发利用新的土著绒螯蟹种质保证绒螯蟹产业健康发展显得尤为必要。团队于2020和2021年9月，在黑龙江省绥芬河水系用地笼捕捉野生绒螯蟹共计299只(雌体156只，雄体143只)，统计绒螯蟹性成熟情况并分别计算不同体重绒螯蟹所占百分比，测量性成熟个体的甲壳长、甲壳宽，解剖取出肝胰腺和性腺，精刮肌肉，测定可食率、色泽及常规营养成分。结果显示，绥芬河绒螯蟹雌体未性成熟比例显著低于性成熟比例(P<0.05)，而雄体则相反。不论是雌体还是雄体，性成熟个体的平均体重均显著高于未性成熟个体(P<0.05)。雌性成熟个体平均体重为(110.51±2.42) g，雄性则为(147.79±5.94) g。雌性成熟个体(≥100.00 g/只)的百分比为55.94%，雄性成熟个体(≥125.00 g/只)的百分比为60.00%。9月29日，雌体肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)均显著高于雄体，而出肉率(MY)和肥满度(CF)则显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。雌体甲壳亮度值(L*)和黄度值(b*)均显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。雌体性腺和肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著高于雄体，而性腺中水分含量则显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。综上所述，绥芬河绒螯蟹具有性成熟个体平均体重大且大规格个体百分比高等特点，卵巢和肌肉中粗蛋白与粗脂肪百分比较高，是一种重要的高蛋白低脂肪营养物质来源。本研究结果为绥芬河水系野生绒螯蟹种质资源开发以及利用提供了基础资料。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Mitten crab (Eriocheir sensu stricto) is an important aquaculture species in China, with three main species: Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), Japanese mitten crab (Eriocheir japonicus), and Hepu mitten crab (Eriocheir hepuensis). Mitten crab has a catadromous life cycle. Paired mitten crabs mate and spawn in estuaries, and the progeny migrate upriver into freshwater rivers to grow. Mitten crab is widely distributed in major basins along the coast of China. Wild mitten crab populations are distributed from the Suifenhe River in the Heilongjiang Province in the north to the Nanliujiang River in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the south. Suifenhe mitten crab is an indigenous wild mitten crab population distributed in the Suifenhe River basin of Dongning City, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province. It is a highly salt-tolerant aquatic animal, and the current mitten crab germplasm is severely degraded. Therefore, the development of a new mitten crab germplasm is of great significance for crab industry development and salt-alkali aquaculture in China. In September 2020 and 2021, ground cages were used to capture 299 wild crabs (156 females and 143 males) from the Suifenhe River basin of Heilongjiang to investigate the parameters of sexual maturity, body weight (BW) profile, color, total edible yield, and proximate composition.
The sexual maturity of wild Suifenhe mitten crab was determined by puberty molting, and BW was measured using an electronic balance. The hepatosomatic index (HSI, %) and gonadosomatic index (GSI, %) were calculated from their respective weights and the ratio of BW. A high-precision spectrophotometer was used to determine the color of the wet and dry samples. Vacuum freeze-drying was used to determine the moisture content of the edible tissues (hepatopancreas, gonads, and muscles). Protein, lipid, and ash were analyzed by the AOAC and Soxhlet extractor method.
In late September, wild crabs in the Suifenhe River basin (Dongning Section) in Heilongjiang Province comprised of two stages: immature and sexually mature. The ratio of immature females was significantly lower than that of sexually mature ones (P<0.05); however, it was the opposite for males. Regardless of sex, the average BW of sexually mature individuals was significantly higher than that of immature individuals (P<0.05). The average BW of mature females was (110.51±2.42) g, and the average BW of mature individuals was (147.79±5.94) g. The average BW of sexually mature female crabs was mainly concentrated in the range of 75.00~149.99 g, and the percentage of mature female individuals (≥100.00 g/ind) was 55.94%. The average BW distribution of sexually mature male crabs was relatively scattered, and the percentage of mature male individuals (≥125.00 g/ind) was 60.00%. On September 29, the HSI and GSI of females were significantly higher than those of males, whereas the rates of muscle yield (MY) and condition factor (CF) were higher in males than those in females (P<0.05). The brightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values of the female carapace were significantly lower than those of the males (P<0.05). The crude protein content in female gonads and muscles was significantly higher than that in male carapace, whereas the moisture content in male gonads was significantly higher than that in females (P<0.05). The results of this study provide basic data for the development and utilization of Suifenhe mitten crab germplasm resources.
Wild adult Suifenhe mitten crab had larger BW and a higher percentage of large-sized individuals than pond-reared E. sinensis in the north of China. The proportion of edible tissues, condition factor, color, and proximate composition of Suifenhe mitten crab were not significantly different from those of E. sinensis from the Liao River and Yangtze River. Meanwhile, the ratio of crude protein to crude lipid in ovaries and muscles was in accordance with the human body’s need for high-protein and low-fat foods. Hence, Suifenhe mitten crab is a new crab germplasm with significant development potential. These results provide basic data for the development and utilization of Suifenhe mitten crab germplasm resources. |
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