| 孙文波,周明瑞,侯梦丹,文露婷,杜雪松,翟旭亮,李虹,林勇,罗辉.稻田和池塘养殖禾花鲤肌肉营养与品质分析.渔业科学进展,2023,44(2):196-204 |
| 稻田和池塘养殖禾花鲤肌肉营养与品质分析 |
| Comparing the effects of pond and rice field culture methods on muscle quality of rice flower carp |
| 投稿时间：2022-02-07 修订日期：2022-04-07 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20220207001 |
| 中文关键词: 禾花鲤 稻田养殖 池塘养殖 肌肉品质 |
| 英文关键词: Rice flower carp Rice filed culture Pond culture Muscle quality |
| 基金项目: |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1167 |
| 全文下载次数: 1041 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为评估不同养殖环境对禾花鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肌肉营养与品质的影响，采用国标法检测稻田和池塘2种养殖环境下禾花鲤肌肉常规营养成分、质构特性、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成。结果显示，池塘组禾花鲤肌肉粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于稻田组(P<0.05)，水分含量显著低于稻田组(P<0.05)，灰分含量2组差异不显著(P>0.05)；池塘组肌肉粘性显著高于稻田组(P<0.05)，内聚性和剪切力显著低于稻田组(P<0.05)，其他质构指标2组间差异不显著(P>0.05)；肌肉氨基酸测定结果显示，池塘组氨基酸总量(ƩTAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)显著高于稻田组(P<0.05)，ƩEAA/TAA和ƩEAA/NEAA显著低于稻田组(P<0.05)，2组禾花鲤必需氨基酸构成比例均符合FAO/WHO标准；在鲜味氨基酸含量方面，池塘组主要的4种呈味氨基酸含量均显著高于稻田组(P<0.05)。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)标准，2组禾花鲤肌肉第一、二限制性氨基酸均分别为色氨酸(Trp)和缬氨酸(Val)；在脂肪酸测定结果中显示，池塘组单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)含量显著高于稻田组(P<0.05)，但多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)、EPA+DHA和∑n-3PUFA/ ∑n-6PUFA显著低于稻田组(P<0.05)。综上所述，池塘和稻田养殖条件下，禾花鲤均为优质的蛋白质来源，但不同养殖环境对禾花鲤肌肉营养与品质有显著影响。从常规营养成分、氨基酸评分方面看，池塘养殖条件下禾花鲤肌肉营养价值更高；从脂肪酸角度来看，稻田养殖禾花鲤肌肉具有较高的EPA+DHA含量以及n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸比例，更适合高血脂和心血管疾病等患者食用，从质构性来看，稻田养殖环境下禾花鲤肌肉更具嚼劲。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rice flower carp (Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus) has high economic value because of its tender meat. However, a comprehensive scientific evaluation of the meat quality and nutritional value of rice flower carp is still needed. At the same time, because of its fast growth and strong disease resistance, rice flower carp is widely popularized in rice field culture but without any research comparing its quality with the pond culture method. Although rice farming has high ecological value, the fish yield is low and its specifications are abnormal, which cannot guarantee the stability and safety of the commercial fish supply and limit the potential rice flower carp industrial benefits. In addition, some studies have shown that fish muscle quality can be affected by environmental conditions. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the muscle quality and nutritional value of the rice flower carp and investigate the relationships between the nutritional values and its culture conditions, providing data to increase the rice flower carp yield, economic efficiency, and farmed varieties available. Therefore, 6 000 Quanzhou rice flower carp (2.35±0.08 g) were randomly divided into ponds and rice field groups for the experiment (three replicates per group, with a density of 15 000/hm2). The pond culture group was fed with 3% of the commercially established everyday food per fish weight, while the rice field group was not fed. After 12 weeks, the fish were submitted to a 24 h period without food and anesthetized using MS-222 (USA, Sigma). The length and weight of 100 fish were measured for each treatment. For the rice field group and pond group, respectively, the lengths were (13.56±0.49) cm and (14.10±0.23) cm, and the weights were (73.19±7.02) g and (101.20±4.57) g. The muscle quality of 30 fish from each treatment was measured, including basic nutritional components, texture characteristics, and amino acid and fatty acid compositions. The nutritional level was compared between the pond and rice field groups using the FAO/WHO amino acid score, whole egg protein comparison, protein amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS), and essential amino acid index (EAAI). Moreover, no significant differences between the two culture methods were observed in relation to the total ash (P>0.05). The crude protein and crude fat contents in the rice field group were significantly lower than in the pond group (P<0.05), while moisture was significantly higher (P<0.05). The viscosity of the rice field group was significantly lower than that of the pond group (P<0.05), but the cohesion and shear force were significantly higher than those of the pond group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the other texture indexes (P>0.05). Essential amino acids (EAA) in both groups met the FAO/WHO standard. Among the 18 amino acids measured, the total amino acids (TAA), delicious amino acids (DAA), essential and nonessential amino acids (NEAA) were significantly lower in rice field conditions than in pond (P<0.05), while the EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA ratios were significantly lower in the pond group (P<0.05). According to the amino acid score (AAS) and chemical score (CS), glutamic acid (Glu) was the most common amino acid in both groups, while the first and second limiting amino acids were tryptophan (Trp) and valine (Val). Among the 22 fatty acids observed, the contents of tridecanoic, pentadecanoic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, and docosatetraenoic acids were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). In contrast, the contents of linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids in the pond group were significantly higher than those in the rice field group (P<0.05), while 14 other fatty acids showed significantly lower contents in the pond group (P<0.05). The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) contents in the pond group were significantly higher (P<0.05), while the EPA+DHA and n-3PUFA/n-6PUFA were significantly lower than those in the rice field group (P<0.05). Overall, the contents of four main flavor amino acids (glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, and aspartic acid) in the rice field group were significantly lower than those in the pond group (P<0.05). In conclusion, rice flower carp reared in both pond and rice field is a high-quality protein source. However, different cultural environments significantly influence the rice flower carp muscle nutritional value and quality, wherein a higher nutrient composition and amino acid score were observed in the pond environment. Concerning the fatty acids content, the muscle of rice flower carp reared in rice fields had higher EPA+DHA content and N-3/N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio, which is more suitable for people with hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, in terms of texture, the muscle of rice flower carp is chewier under the rice field rearing condition. Nevertheless, N-3PUFA shortages were observed in both culture conditions. Besides, fish in the pond group had better muscle nutrition than the rice field group. Different culture conditions can change rice flower carp's fatty acid composition and content to a certain extent, but none of the two conditions tested here could completely allay the lower N-3PUFA problem. Therefore, increasing the N-3PUFA content of rice flower carp is the key to improving its nutritional value, and pond culture conditions make this process easier to be manually controlled. |
| 附件 |
|
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
