| 张港琛,赵国庆,黄洪亮,李灵智.塞拉利昂近海黄条魣基础生物学特征研究.渔业科学进展,2024,45(5):109-118 |
| 塞拉利昂近海黄条魣基础生物学特征研究 |
| Basic biological characteristics of Sphyraena guachancho in the offshore areas of Sierra Leone |
| 投稿时间：2023-04-12 修订日期：2023-05-18 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 黄条 塞拉利昂 生物学特征 初次性成熟体长 |
| 英文关键词: Sphyraena guachancho Sierra Leone Biological characteristics Body length at initial sexual maturity |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2807504)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020TD03)共同资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 黄条魣(Sphyraena guachancho)是塞拉利昂近海重要的经济鱼种，为全面了解其基础生物学特征，本研究根据2019—2021年共6个科学调查航次(9月、10月、12月、1月、4月和5月)采样的2 135尾黄条魣样品，对其体长和体质量组成及关系、性比、性腺成熟度、初次性成熟体长、摄食等级和肥满度等基础生物学特征进行了研究。结果显示，黄条魣体长范围为50~845 mm，优势组为175~345 mm (占比74.52%)；体质量范围为0.9~4 000.8 g，优势组为25~225 g (占比71.33%)。体长–体质量关系式为W=3.339×10–5L2.758，呈负向异速生长。雌雄比例为0.56∶1，雄性明显多于雌性。性腺成熟度以Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期为主，Ⅴ期和Ⅵ期个体占比均较少。雌雄初次性成熟体长分别为(269.982±2.340) mm、(259.846±3.397) mm。摄食等级以0级为主，随体长增加，空胃比例基本呈逐渐增大的趋势，繁殖个体的摄食强度较低。肥满度范围为0.59~1.25，随体长增加，肥满度基本呈先增加后降低的趋势。统计分析结果显示，旱雨季体长、体质量分布呈现明显差异，且在旱季有较多补充群体组成，不同月份黄条魣体长、体质量分布和体长–体质量关系具有极显著性差异(P<0.01)，体长极显著影响性腺成熟度、摄食强度(P<0.01)，不同月份性腺成熟度和摄食强度差异性不显著(P>0.05)。本研究丰富了西非塞拉利昂沿岸海域黄条魣生物学特征资料，可为该海域黄条魣资源评估、开发利用和资源管理提供科学支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, and owing to its unique geographical location and climate, it has relatively suitable hydrological conditions on the continental shelf for providing ideal habitats and breeding grounds for many fish species. The fisheries play a crucial role in Sierra Leone's economy. Sphyraena guachancho is a critical economic fish and a significant protein source for coastal livestock due to its wide distribution, excellent meat quality, low price, and easy capture. This study focused on the basic biological characteristics of S. guachancho, providing a reference for further in-depth research and the rational development of fishery resources.
The relationship between body length and weight is an essential aspect of fisheries biology research, and obtaining the accurate and appropriate body length and weight relationship is crucial for fisheries management. It can provide information on the size and body shape of a fish, allow the estimation of the average weight of fish of a certain length in a population, indicate the health status of a fish, allow comparison of the growth status of the same fish species in different regions, and provide vital information for fish breeding research. The sex ratio provides information on the composition of males and females in a group and indicates the dominant gender. This is the basic information necessary for understanding fish reproduction and conducting a population assessment. A model for predicting the quantity and quality of food required by fish based on feed levels and satiety provides an ecological basis for rationally utilizing aquatic feed resources, improving aquaculture efficiency, and investigating fish populations.
In this study, 2,135 S. guachancho were sampled from six scientific expeditions (September, October, December, January, April, and May) from 2019 to 2021, and their basic biological characteristics, such as body length and weight composition, sex ratio, gonadal maturity, body length at initial sexual maturity, food intake level, and plumpness were studied. The results showed that the body length range of the S. guachancho was 50–845 mm with a single peak distribution. That for the advantage group was 175–345 mm, accounting for 74.52%. The weight range was 0.9–4,000.8 g, and that for the advantage group was 25–225 g, accounting for 71.33%. The relationship between the body length and weight was W=3.339×10-5L2.758, indicating negative allometry growth. The male-to-female ratio was 0.56:1, which is significantly different from 1:1. The maturation of the gonads was mainly in stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ, with a relatively small proportion of individuals in stages Ⅴ and Ⅵ. The body length of male and female individuals at initial sexual maturity was (269.982±2.340) mm and (259.846±3.397) mm, respectively. The feeding level was mainly level 0, and as the body length increased, the proportion of fish with an empty stomach gradually increased. The plumpness range was between 0.59 and 1.25, with an average value of 0.86±0.02. There were certain differences in fertility levels between different months. As the body length increased, the plumpness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.
The statistical analysis results showed significant differences in the body length and mass distribution between male and female populations of S. guachancho (P<0.01). The body length and mass distribution in different months differed significantly (P<0.01). The body length and body mass distribution in different seasons also had highly significant differences (P<0.01). The body length significantly affected gonadal maturity (P<0.01). Below a certain body length, there was no significant linear correlation between the month and gonadal maturity (P>0.05). The body length significantly affected the feeding intensity of S. guachancho (P<0.01), whereas the month had no significant impact on this (P>0.05). The maturity of the gonads significantly affected the level of food intake (P<0.01). The body length significantly affected the level of fullness (P<0.05), whereas the month had no significant impact on this (P>0.05). |
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