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| 浙江南部近海主要石首鱼类的生态位及种间联结性 |
| Niches and interspecific association of dominant Sciaenidae species in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang Province |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-10 修订日期：2024-10-20 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 浙江南部近海 石首鱼类 生态位 种间联结性 |
| 英文关键词: the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang Sciaenidae species niche interspecific association |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31902372）、温台渔业资源专项调查项目（158053） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为深入探究浙江南部近海石首鱼类的生态位特征及其种间相互作用关系,本文根据2020年5月-2021年1月该海域四个季度的渔业资源调查数据,运用生态位测定、聚类分析、卡方检验、联结系数和冗余分析等方法,研究该海域石首鱼类的时空生态位特征及种间联结关系。结果显示：(1)调查共有石首鱼类9种,时间生态位宽度范围为0.17-1.08,小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)最大,大头银姑鱼(Pennahia macrocephalus)最小；空间生态位宽度范围为1.40-2.50,黑姑鱼(Atrobucca nibe)最大,棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)最小；时空生态位宽度范围为0.32-2.42,小黄鱼最大,大头银姑鱼最小。聚类分析分别从时间、空间和时空三个维度将石首鱼类分为窄、中、宽3个生态位宽度组；(2)大头银姑鱼和黑姑鱼、银姑鱼(Pennahia argentata)和鳞鳍叫姑鱼(Johnius distinctus)的时间生态位重叠值最高,鮸(Miichthys miiuy)和黑姑鱼的空间生态位重叠值最高,各种对时空维度生态位重叠值都处于较低水平,物种通过分化策略保证种间共存；(3)总体联结性呈显著正关联,卡方检验表明大多数种对间的联结性不显著,联结系数和共同出现百分率表示大多数种对间呈现相互独立分布的特征；(4)冗余分析表明,表层水温、盐度和叶绿素是影响该海域石首鱼类分布的主要环境因子。研究表明,该海域石首鱼类整体间联结性较强,具有一定相互依存的关系,但种对间的关联性在逐渐下降,趋向独立分布格局。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Sciaenidae species are an important economic fishery in China, which playing a significant role in China"s coastal fisheries. They are also key species in many aquatic ecosystems, occupying important positions in the food chain and ecosystem. However, in recent years, under the combined effects of overfishing, adverse climate change, and marine environmental pollution, resources of Sciaenidae species such as Pseudosciaena crocea and Collichthys lucidus have declined significantly. Research on the ecological niche and interspecific relationships of Sciaenidae species is key to understanding their species and population dynamics. It can reveal the ecological positions occupied by Sciaenidae species, their resource utilization, and the interactions between them, which can then serve as a basis for formulating corresponding conservation and management measures. Currently, research on Sciaenidae species in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang Province mainly focuses on the biological characteristics, age, growth, and feeding of individual fish species, while there is a fundamental gap in research on the interspecific relationships of sciaenid fishes. This is not conducive to the conservation and management of these economically important fishery resources. To thoroughly investigate the ecological niche characteristics and interspecific interactions of Sciaenidae species in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang Province, this study utilized data from four quarterly fishery resource surveys conducted from May 2020 to January 2021. Methods such as ecological niche measurement, cluster analysis, chi-square test, association coefficient, and redundancy analysis were employed to examine the temporal and spatial ecological niche characteristics and interspecific associations of Sciaenidae species in the area. The survey identified nine species of Sciaenidae species, with temporal niche widths ranging from 0.17 to 1.08. Among them, the Pseudosciaena polyactis had the widest temporal niche width (1.08), followed by the Collichthys lucidus at 1.02, while the Pennahia macrocephalus had the narrowest at 0.17. Spatial niche widths ranged from 1.40 to 2.50, with the Atrobucca nibe having the widest spatial niche width, followed by the Pseudosciaena polyactis (2.24), and the Collichthys lucidus had the smallest. The Spatio-temporal niche widths varied from 0.32 to 2.42, with the Pseudosciaena polyactis showing the largest combined niche width (2.42), significantly greater than the other eight species, followed by the Penahia argentata at 1.65, and the Pennahia macrocephalus had the smallest at 0.32, significantly less than the other eight species. This results indicate that the Pseudosciaena polyactis has a larger niche width across all three dimensions and is competitively advantageous; whereas the Pennahia macrocephalus and Atrobucca nibe are more affected by the temporal dimension, especially the Pennahia macrocephalus, which is at a disadvantage in competition. Cluster analysis categorized Sciaenidae species into narrow, medium, and wide niche groups based on temporal, Spatial, and the Spatio-temporal. Overall, the niche overlap of this area were low. In terms of time, 30.56% of species pairs had temporal niche overlap above 0.600, 25.00% between 0.300 and 0.600, and 44.44% below 0.300. The highest overlap values were between the Pennahia macrocephalus and Atrobucca nibe, and between the Pennahia argentata and the Johnius distinctus, both at 0.998, while the overlap between the Pennahia macrocephalus and the Miichthys miiuy was the lowest, at only 0.007. In terms of space, most species pairs had low overlap values, with 72.22% below 0.300, 22.22% between 0.300 and 0.600, and only the Miichthys miiuy and Atrobucca nibe (0.659) as well as the Pennahia macrocephalus and Pennahia argentata (0.616) had higher spatial niche overlap values above 0.600. In terms of Spatio-temporal, all species pairs had low overlap values, with no pair exceeding 0.600, only 13.89% between 0.300 and 0.600, and the remaining 86.11% below 0.300, indicating that species can coexist through differentiation strategies. The overall association among Sciaenidae species in the area showed a significant positive correlation; chi-square tests revealed an extremely significant positive correlation only between the Pennahia argentata and Atrobucca nibe, while other species pairs showed non-significant levels of association. Association coefficients indicated that more than half of the species pairs tended to be independent, with only 11.11% showing a high degree of positive association, and another 25% exhibiting negative associations. The percentage of co-occurrence indicated that only 8.33% of species pairs had the strongest positive association, while the rest (91.67%) had moderate or lower levels of positive association, suggesting that most species pairs distribute independently of each other. This indicates that although there is a strong overall association among Sciaenidae species in the area, implying a certain level of interdependence, the association between species pairs is gradually decreasing, trending towards an independent distribution pattern. Redundancy analysis results suggest that surface water temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll are the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of sciaenid fishes in the area, with salinity having the greatest impact. |
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