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| 绿鳍马面鲀胚后早期发育各阶段形态特征的研究 |
| Morphological characteristics of postembryonic early development of the Thamnaconus septentrionalis |
| 投稿时间：2022-12-08 修订日期：2023-02-13 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 关键词 绿鳍马面鲀 仔鱼 稚鱼 早期发育 形态特征 |
| 英文关键词: Keywords Thamnaconus septentrionalis, Larvae, Juvenile, Early development, Morphological characteristics |
| 基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项基金, |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘要 本文研究了绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)胚后早期发育各阶段可观、可量和可数性状的变化。结果表明： 23.0 ± 1.0 ℃ 条件下，1 d 出现胸鳍；4 d 卵黄囊消失，鳔基和第一背鳍鳍基清晰可见；7 d 油球消失，出现腹鳍；8 d 第一背鳍鳍基和腹鳍出膜；9 d 被透明圆形小鳞；12 d 鳔和腹两侧后匙骨清晰可见；14 d 出现第二背鳍支鳍骨和臀鳍支鳍骨；16 d 被锥形小鳞，上下颌出现锥形齿；19 d 分化出第二背鳍鳍条和臀鳍鳍条；20 d 尾柄下侧长出尾鳍鳍条；24 d 第二背鳍、臀鳍和尾鳍的鳍条形态发育完全；27 d 鳔大量充气。可量性状变化的曲线方程 R2 值均大于 0.90，第一背鳍鳍高 4-30 d 呈指数递增；视囊 0-11 d 和 11-20 d 为线性递增，0-11 d 递增程度小于 11-20 d，21-30 d 为指数递增；口裂 4-13 d 和 22-30 d 为线性递增，13-22 d 为线性递减；全长、体长、体高和矢耳石直径等拐点前为线性递增，拐点后为指数递增，拐点集中在 19-23 d。可数性状第二背鳍支鳍骨数 31-36 根，臀鳍支鳍骨数 33-35 根，二鳍鳍条数与支鳍骨数一一对应；胸鳍鳍条数 15-18 根，尾鳍鳍条数 12 根。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract The morphological characteristics, ecological habits and physiological structure of fish change rapidly in the early growth and development stage. Understanding the changes in the postembryonic early development morphology, organs or tissues could provide basic information for the classification and identification of fish and the investigation and utilization of early resources. Morphological characteristics observation is one of the most commonly used means. The existing studies on the early development of a certain trait in the late larval and juvenile stage were fuzzy. Most of the digital images were side views, and there is a lack of aerial, upward or local images, which is not conducive to the understanding of young and juvenile fish. In this study the changes of observable, measurable and countable traits in postembryonic early development of the Thamnaconus septentrionalis were explored by optical microscopy and stereopicroscope. The observable traits were the developmental changes of yolk sac, body pigment, scales and notochord curvature. The measurable traits were the growth changes of total length, body length, body height and cleft. The countable characters were the number of fins in the second dorsal fin, anal fin, caudal fin and the number of bones of three fins. The results showed that at 23.0 ± 1.0 ℃, the newly hatched larvae move up and down in the overhanging water, and there was a phenomenon of convergent clustering under the light irradiation; the pectoral fin appeared in 1 d, the heart like an arc band and the heart rate was about 50 beats /min; the optic capsule was completely black, the upper jaw appeared, the cleft extended below the eyes, the yolk sac disappeared and the first dorsal fin base appeared in 4 d; belt single colorless and beginning from the front edge of the abdomen, the oil globule disappeared and the pelvic fin base appeared in 7 d; the first dorsal fin base and pelvic fin base broke membrane in 8 d; the first dorsal fin and pelvic fin were significantly longer, transparent rounded scales were observed in 9 d ; swimming ability is strong, can hover back and forth, gnawing pool wall and transversally transparent barbs appear at the base of the first dorsal fin in 11 d; the swim bladder and posterior spatula on both sides of the abdomen were clearly visible in 12 d; the second dorsal fin and anal fin branchbone appeared in 14 d, the second dorsal fin branchbone spans 7 sarcomere and the anal fin branch fin bone spans 6 sarcomere; there are 10-12 melanin masses in the second dorsal fin and 5-6 in the anal fin, the tegume was tapered and conical teeth appeared on the upper and lower mandible in 16 d; the second dorsal fin and anal fin were differentiated in 19 d, the swim bladder fills about 25 percent of the abdominal cavity; notochord curve upward clearly and the stalk of caudal fin came out in 20 d; The fin strips of the second dorsal fin, anal fin, and caudal fin were well developed in 24 d; The swim bladder inflated to the top in 27 d; the open mouth of the upper jaw was round and changed from swallowing to sucking in 30 d, and the rainbow cells were colorful and the body surface near the gill was the most dense; abdominal cavity has a strong metallic texture, the hard spine of the pelvic fin was degraded, close to the belt in 39 d; 4-5 black bands were arranged regularly in the body, and the lateral line was obviously consistent with the vertebral body in 50 d. The R2 values of the curve equations of measurable traits were all greater than 0.90. The height of the first dorsal fin increased exponentially 4-30 d. The visual sac increased linearly from 0-11 d to 11-20 d, and the increment of 0-11 d was less than that of 11-20d, and the increment of 21-30 d was exponential. The oral fissure of 4-13 d and 22-30 d increased linearly, and that of 13-22 d decreased linearly. The total length, body length, body height and the diameter of sagittal stone increased linearly before the inflection point and exponentially after the inflection point, the inflection point was concentrated in 19-23 d. The number of fin bones of the second dorsal fin was 31-36, anal fin was 33-35. The number of the second fin corresponded to the number of fin bone. The number of pectoral fins was 15-18 and caudal fins was 12. In conclusion, metamorphosis occurs in the postembryonic early development of the Thamnaconus septentrionalis, showed an allometric growth pattern, with a slow linear growth in the rotifer feeding stage and a fast exponential growth in the halogen feeding stage. The changes of the first dorsal fin and pelvic fin were more correlated with age. The changes of the second dorsal and anal fins were more correlated with the full length. This study enriches the early biological theory of the Thamnaconus septentrionalis, and provides basic data for the investigation and utilization of its seedling breeding and resources. The local zoomed-in fig provided is helpful for scholars to further understand the young and juvenile fish and carry out deeper research. |
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