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| 靖海湾富营养化海域浮游动物群落变化及其影响因素 |
| Changes and influencing factors of zooplankton community in eutrophic waters of Jinghai Bay |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-12 修订日期：2023-11-07 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 富营养化 盐度 台风 浮游动物 群落结构 靖海湾 |
| 英文关键词: Eutrophication Salinity Typhoon Zooplankton Community structure Jinghai Bay |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目,中国博士后科学基金,山东省博士后创新人才支持计划,山东省自然科学基金 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 沿海生态系统对生物多样性过程至关重要，因为陆地和海洋环境之间存在着强烈的相互作用。浮游动物是海洋生态系统中重要的次生生产者和生物泵的主要驱动因素，其群落变化可能会对沿海生态系统产生影响。因此，综合评价各种环境因素对沿海生态系统中浮游动物群落变化的影响具有重要意义。为研究靖海湾海域浮游动物群落与环境因子的关系，分别于2021年至2022年5月(春季)和8月(夏季)对该海域进行4个航次的环境因子和浮游动物调查，并应用冗余分析(RDA)和Pearson相关性分析探究了环境因子对浮游动物优势种和群落的影响。结果表明，2021年至2022年靖海湾海域富营养化程度有显著的增加，尤其是在2022年夏季，靖海湾海域受到严重的富营养化污染。2021年浮游动物平均丰度高于2022年，在富营养化最严重的2022年夏季，浮游动物的平均丰度降至54.07个/m3。此外，PCoA分析也显示，2022年夏季浮游动物群落与前三个航次有显著的区别。四个航次中共鉴定出浮游动物10类47种，其中桡足类是春季最优势的种群，浮游幼虫是夏季最优势的种群。太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)和短尾类溞状幼体(Zoea larva (Brachyura))在四个航次中均为优势种，但在2022年夏季优势度和丰度均出现了下降。通过结合了RDA和Pearson相关性分析发现，影响靖海湾海域浮游动物群落结构和丰度变化的主要环境因素为富营养化，而盐度影响了浮游动物的季节变化。此外，通过PCoA分析以及对比了2021年和2022年的数据发现，台风这类偶发性事件可能也是影响浮游动物群落变化的重要原因之一。研究结果将有利于后续研究靖海湾生态系统以及了解近海海湾浮游动物群落动态的控制因素，有助于科学管理靖海湾生态环境和深入了解海湾浮游动物群落变化的机制。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Coastal ecosystems are critical to biodiversity processes because there are strong interactions between terrestrial and Marine environments. Zooplankton are important secondary producers and major drivers of biological pumps in Marine ecosystems, and changes in their communities may have an impact on coastal ecosystems. Therefore, it is of great significance to comprehensively evaluate the effects of various environmental factors on the changes of zooplankton communities in coastal ecosystems. Previous research has been limited to a single study on environmental quality or biological communities in Jinghai Bay, while there have been no relevant reports on the analysis and evaluation of the relationship between changes in zooplankton communities and environmental factors in Jinghai Bay. In order to study the relationship between zooplankton community and environmental factors in Jinghai Bay, four voyages of environmental factors and zooplankton surveys were conducted in May (spring) and August (summer) from 2021 to 2022. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used to explore the effects of environmental factors on the dominant species and community of zooplankton. The results showed that the degree of eutrophication in Jinghai Bay increased significantly from 2021 to 2022, especially in the summer of 2022 (average eutrophication index (Ei) > 200). The distribution of eutrophication index (Ei) shows that the Ei is higher at estuaries in the surveyed sea area, and the source of nutrients may be river diluted water. In addition, there are significant seasonal changes in salinity, especially in the summer of 2022 (average salinity drops to 12.06). The average zooplankton abundance in 2021 was higher than in 2022, and in the summer of 2022, when eutrophication is most severe, the average zooplankton abundance dropped to 54.07 ind/m3. However, it is worth noting that in the summer of 2022, the lowest abundance, the biomass did not show the same proportion of decline, which needs to be studied later. In addition, the PCoA analysis also revealed significant differences between the 2022 summer zooplankton community and the previous three voyages. A total of 47 species of 10 species of zooplankton were identified during the four voyages, among which copepods were the most dominant species in spring and pelagic larvae were the most dominant species in summer. Acartia pacifica and Zoea larva (Brachyura) were the dominant species on all four voyages. From 2021 to 2022, the dominance of Acartia pacifica showed a continuous decreasing trend. In the spring and summer of 2022, the Zoea larva (Brachyura) became the first dominant species in the sea area, but the relative abundance and dominance of Zoea larva (Brachyura) decreased in the summer. In addition, in this study, there are more dominant species in 2022 than in 2021, and the number of dominant species reaches the maximum (7 species) in the summer of 2022. The inter-annual and seasonal variation trends of zooplankton community Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and Pielou’s evenness index (J) in Jinghai Bay were similar. In terms of seasonal changes, both the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and Pielou’s evenness index (J) in spring 2021 are higher than those in summer. In 2022, the opposite trend was observed, with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and Pielou’s evenness index (J) higher in summer than in spring. From the perspective of inter-annual change, both the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and the Pielou’s evenness index (J) in 2022 are higher than those in 2021. From the general trend of change, from 2021 to 2022, the biodiversity of zooplankton in Jinghai Bay area gradually increased. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the dominant species of Acartia pacifica and Zoea larva (Brachyura), which appeared in all four surveys, were negatively correlated with eutrophication index (Ei) during the spring and summer of two years. The Eurytemora pacifica, which only appeared in spring, was positively correlated with salinity during the spring of two years, while the newly emerged dominant species of Penilia avirostris, Gammaridae and Schmackeria poplesia in the summer of 2022 were positively correlated with eutrophication index (Ei), DIP, and COD, negative correlation with salinity. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the eutrophication index (Ei) was negatively correlated with the abundance of zooplankton on all four voyages, salinity was positively correlated with abundance and biomass in spring, and negatively correlated with abundance and biomass in summer. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that salinity also had a certain impact on zooplankton diversity index. Based on the correlation analysis of RDA and Pearson, it was found that eutrophication was the main environmental factor affecting the community structure and abundance of zooplankton in Jinghai Bay, and salinity affected the seasonal variation of zooplankton. In addition, through PCoA analysis and comparison of 2021 and 2022 data, it was found that occasional events such as typhoons may also be one of the important reasons for the change of zooplankton community. The results of this study will be conducive to the follow-up study of the ecosystem of Jinghai Bay and the understanding of the control factors of the dynamics of the zooplankton community in the offshore bay, which will contribute to the scientific management of the ecological environment of Jinghai Bay and the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of zooplankton community change in the bay. |
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