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| 电晕休眠对卵形鲳鲹的生理应激和保活运输中主要营养成分的影响 |
| The effect of corona dormancy on the physiological stress and main nutritional components in the transport of Trachinotus ovatus during survival |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-05 修订日期：2024-04-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 卵形鲳鲹 电晕休眠 基本营养成分 氧化应激 |
| 英文关键词: Trachinotus ovatus Corona dormancy Basic nutrients Oxidative stress |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2019YFD0901601)；广东省基础与应用基础研究(2021A1515110621)；湛江市科技计划项目(2021E05017)；广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目(060302042101)；现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-49)。刘思炜, E-mail: 13393844889@163.com①通信作者：秦小明,博士,教授。E-mail：xiaoming0502@21cn.com收稿日期: , 收修改稿日期: ; |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探究电晕休眠对卵形鲳鲹的生理应激指标的影响以及在保活运输过程中主要营养成分的变化,研发绿色、安全、高效的水产品保活运输诱导休眠新技术。采用脉冲直流电对卵形鲳鲹进行电击,以休眠率、休眠时间和72 h存活率作为评价指标,优化脉冲直流电晕休眠的最佳处理条件,并测定其血清、脑组织、肌肉和肝脏生化、氧化应激及代谢指标。结果显示,在20 ℃水温,140 V电压、4 s处理时间的条件下,鱼体休眠率与保活72 h存活率达可达100%,保活时间为(165.6 ± 42.7)h。经电晕休眠处理后,鱼血清中葡萄糖(GLU)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、皮质醇(COR)含量显著升高,在保活4~12 h内恢复正常水平；肝脏、脑组织中的热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)含量与谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST-S)活力,肝脏中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力以及肝、肌乳酸(LD)含量显著提高,脑组织丙二醛(MDA)含量在保活4~72 h内显著低于对照组水平,肝糖原(GLY)含量整体呈下降趋势；鱼肉中粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪在保活过程中整体呈下降趋势,其中粗脂肪含量下降幅度最大,且与对照组相比实验组下降占比减少。研究表明,适宜条件的脉冲直流电能诱导卵形鲳鲹休眠,提高Hsp70的释放和抗氧化酶的活力以减缓保活胁迫下鱼体应激响应,减少组织的损伤,且保活后鱼体能维持较低的代谢水平,可提升保活运输过程中的效率与品质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Golden pomfret, scientific name Trachinotus ovatus,Distributed in tropical and subtropical waters such as the East China Sea, South China Sea, and the Yellow and Bohai Seas in China, it grows rapidly and produces a large amount. It is the most modernized and intensive marine aquaculture fish in China, and also the preferred variety for expanding deep and distant sea aquaculture space. At present, the market mainly includes three methods: freezing, processing, and live sales. If fish can be processed in multiple ways while maintaining freshness, fresh fish is the best choice. However, the existing transportation of live fish suffers from various problems such as low survival rate, nutrient loss, and short transportation time due to stress, hypoxia, and deterioration of water quality. Trachinotus ovatus is a temperature loving omnivorous migratory fish with high oxygen consumption and vigorous metabolism. Fishing will produce strong stress, and it is easy to cause death in low temperature environment (<13 ℃). The difficulty of keeping alive and transporting is also the main reason why live fish are difficult to find in the market. In order to solve the above problems, chemical anesthesia, physical dormancy and other methods are generally used to improve the survival rate of fish and maintain good nutritional quality in the process of keeping alive and transporting. The chemical anesthesia method may have the risk of drug residue, and there are certain restrictions on the drug withdrawal period for the fish to be transported alive; Among the physical dormancy methods, the ecological ice temperature induced dormancy method is widely used, but it needs low temperature acclimation before treatment, which consumes a long time. Therefore, an efficient, green and safe way of keeping alive transportation technology is particularly urgent, and corona dormancy is a green, safe, new and efficient way of physical dormancy that meets our needs, and has broad application prospects. At present, chemical anesthesia and low temperature induced dormancy are mostly used in the pretreatment technology of survival and transportation of marine fish, while the research on corona dormancy technology is less, and the research and application of corona dormant Trachinotus ovatus have not been reported at home and abroad. In this study, the Trachinotus ovatus were placed in an electric shock box after 6 hours of temporary rearing. The Trachinotus ovatus were shocked by pulsed DC. The recovery phase was recorded by stages through behavioral observation. The optimal treatment conditions of pulsed DC corona dormancy were optimized by using the dormancy rate, dormancy time, 72 hours survival rate and survival time as evaluation indexes through single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the biochemical parameters of serum, brain tissue, muscle and liver are determined indexes of oxidative stress, metabolism and basic nutrients. The results showed that under the conditions of 20 ℃ water temperature, 140 V voltage and 4 s treatment time, the dormancy rate and 72 hours survival rate of fish could reach 100%, and the survival time is (165.6 ± 42.7) h. After corona dormancy treatment, the contents of glucose (GLU), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and cortisol (COR) in fish serum are significantly increase (P<0.05), and return to normal levels within 4~12 hours of survival, indicating that electrical stimulation can make the life activities of fish become violent, resulting in the rise of stress indicators in a short time; The content of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), glutathione S-transferase (GST-S) activity and catalase (CAT) activity in liver and brain tissues are significantly increase (P<0.05), while the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissues was significantly lower than that in the control group within 4~72 hours (P<0.05), indicating that the technology can improve the tolerance of fish to environmental stress and reduce the degree of brain damage, reduce the lipid peroxidation in the brain and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in the liver, so as to reduce the damage cause by environmental stress and short-term damage to tissues; The content of liver glycogen (Gly) show a downward trend during the preservation process, while the content of lactic acid (LD) in liver and muscle increase significantly (P<0.05), indicating that anaerobic metabolism occurr during the preservation process of fasting, which consume glycogen and produced lactic acid; The crude ash, crude protein and crude fat in fish meat show a downward trend during the preservation process, and the crude fat content decrease most significantly (P<0.05), and the proportion of decline in the experimental group is reduce compared with the control group. The research shows that the appropriate conditions of pulsed DC can induce the dormancy of Trachinotus ovatus, and the fish after corona dormancy show less stress in the face of external factors. From the index point of view, the technology can improve the release of Hsp70 and the activity of antioxidant enzymes to slow down the stress response of the fish under survival stress, reduce tissue damage, and maintain a low metabolic level after survival, reducing the consumption of inorganic matter, fat and protein, Thus, the efficiency and quality in the process of keeping alive transportation are improving, which is convenient for the operation in the process of breeding and transportation, and laid a theoretical foundation for maintaining the vitality and quality of Trachinotus ovatus in the process of keeping alive circulation. |
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