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| 2022-2023年虾类传染性肌坏死病毒(IMNV)流行情况调查 |
| Investigation of the Prevalence of Infectious myonecrosis virus(IMNV)from2022 to 2023 |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-02 修订日期：2024-04-24 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 传染性肌肉坏死病毒(IMNV) 流行病学 TaqMan RT-qPCR 组织病理 组织原位杂交 |
| 英文关键词: Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) epidemiology TaqMan RT-qPCR tissue histopathology in situ hybridization. |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2020年,由传染性肌坏死病毒(infectious myonecrosis virus,简称IMNV)引起的虾类传染性肌坏死(IMN)首次在中国暴发,使对虾养殖产业遭受了严重的损失。为掌握近年IMNV在我国的流行情况,本研究2022年-2023年间在全国主要虾类养殖地区开展了IMNV流行病学调查,并利用分子生物学、组织病理学等方法对所采集的样本进行分析。2022年-2023年间,在山东、江苏、浙江、海南、天津、广西、福建、河北等地开展流行病学调查并采集样品829份,所采集的样品包括凡纳对虾、日本对虾、中国对虾与罗氏沼虾等主要养殖虾类以及饵料、其他水产经济物种和养殖用水。采用TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR(TaqMan RT-qPCR)对所采集的样品进行了IMNV检测。调查中发现,患病对虾腹节或尾节骨骼肌出现IMN感染样的典型斑块状或弥散性白色坏死症状,凡纳对虾、日本对虾、中国对虾等主要养殖虾类中均可检测到IMNV阳性,阳性样品主要分布在环渤海地区的山东、河北、天津等省市；除养殖虾类外,采集的虾类鲜活饵料(主要是卤虫)和养殖场抽滤的近海海水中也可检测到IMNV阳性。2022年所采集样品中IMNV阳性检出率为6.27%(23/367),2023年所采集样品中IMNV阳性检出率为15.80%(73/462)。对TaqMan RT-qPCR检测呈阳性的样品进行组织病理与原位杂交分析,病虾腹节和尾节发白肌肉组织切片中可见IMNV感染特征性凝固状坏死,且发生病理损伤的肌肉组织中有明显的IMNV探针蓝紫色杂交信号。本研究的结果表明,2022-2023年期间我国多省市的养殖对虾、生物饵料及近海海水中存在较高的IMNV阳性检出率,虾类养殖过程中需加强IMNV检测与监测预警,以降低其进一步扩散与流行危害风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In 2020, infectious muscle necrosis (IMN) of shrimp caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) broke out for the first time in China, causing serious losses to the shrimp farming industry. In order to understand the prevalence of IMNV in China in recent years, an epidemiological survey of IMNV was conducted in major shrimp farming areas in China from 2022 to 2023, and samples were analyzed by molecular biology and histopathology. From 2022 to 2023, epidemiological surveys were conducted and 829 samples were collected in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hainan, Tianjin, Guangxi, Fujian and Hebei. The samples collected included major farmed shrimp species such as Penaeus vannamei, P. japonicas, P. chinensis and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, as well as live feed, other aquatic economic species and culture water. TaqMan real-time quantitative fluorescence RT-PCR (TaqMan RT-qPCR) was used to detect the samples collected. During the investigation, it was found that the skeletal muscle of diseased shrimp showed typical plaque or diffuse white necrosis symptoms of IMN infection. IMNV positive was detected in major farmed shrimp species such as P. vannamei, P. japonicus and P. chinensis. The positive samples were mainly distributed in Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces and cities around the Bohai Sea. In addition to farmed shrimp, IMNV-positive shrimp live bait (mainly Artemia) and offshore seawater filtered by the farm can also be detected. The positive rate of IMNV in the samples collected in 2022 was 6.27% (23/367) and the positive rate of IMNV in the samples collected in 2023 was 15.80% (73/462). The TaqMan RT-qPCR positive samples were analyzed by using the histopathological and in situ hybridization methods. The characteristic coagulation necrosis of IMNV infection was found in the white muscle tissue sections of the ventral and caudal segments of the diseased shrimp, and there was a clear blue-violet hybridization signal of the IMNV probe in the muscle tissue with pathological damage. The results of this study showed that there was a high positive rate of IMNV in cultured shrimp, biological live bait and offshore seawater in many provinces of China in 2022-2023. Detection, monitoring and early warning of IMNV in the shrimp farming process should be strengthened to reduce the risk of further spread and epidemic of IMN. |
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