| 摘要: |
| 以初始体重(25.0±1.59) g的鲻为研究对象，通过8周的生长实验，研究不同饲料投喂对鲻的生长及鱼体生化组成的影响。处理组分别为面粉组(T1)、米糠组(T2)、虾料组(T3)和鱼料组(T4)。研究结果显示，在室内水族缸内单一地使用面粉或米糠投喂，鲻几乎不生长，但仍能维持较高的成活率(>80%)。虾料组的特定生长率(1.46 %/d)和饲料效率(48.62%)均为各组最高，约为鱼料组的两倍，且两组的特定生长率和饲料效率均显著高于面粉组和米糠组(P<0.05)。面粉组和米糠组的周均日摄食量在第4周后迅速降低(<0.80 g/d)，而整个养殖期间虾料组和鱼料组普遍高于0.80 g/d，且在第8周明显升高。养殖结束时全鱼的粗蛋白以米糠组最高(18.62%±1.36%)，粗脂肪以虾料组最高(10.52%±0.36%)。面粉组有较明显的粗脂肪积累(8.01%±0.42%)。研究结果表明，碳水化合物(面粉)水平的提高会促进鲻全鱼脂肪的积累，用米糠代替配合饲料投喂时可维持鲻的粗蛋白含量水平。 |
| 关键词: 鲻；饲料；蛋白 脂肪 摄食 |
| DOI：10.11758/yykxjz.20150107 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD13B03)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所) (2013TS02；2014ZD01)共同资助 |
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| Effects of Four Types of Diet on the Growth and Body Composition of Mugil cephalus |
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| Abstract: |
| Grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) grazes on plant detritus and microflora and is an omnivorous fish species of ecological importance in both mono- and poly-culture due to its unique feeding habit. However, little is known about the effects of different diets on the growth and body composition of M. cephalus. To address this question we carried out an 8-week feeding experiment on M. cephalus with initial weight of (25.0±1.59) g. The experimental subjects were fed with four groups of diets that were flour (T1), rice bran (T2), shrimp feed (T3) and fish feed (T4). The results showed that the specific growth rate (SGR) and the feed efficiency (FE) in T1 and T2 were significantly lower than those in T3 and T4 (P＜0.05). The SGR and FE in T3 were 1.46 %/d and 48.62% respectively which were 2-fold of those in T4. Fish fed with a single diet of either flour or rice bran barely grew in size but had higher survival rates (＞80%). The weekly average daily food intake (DFI) of T1 and T2 decreased to below 0.80 g/d after 4 weeks, whereas the weekly average DFIs of T3 and T4 were above 0.80 g/d and obviously increased in the 8th week during the experiment. The whole body crude protein was the highest in T2 (18.62%±1.36%), and crude lipid was the highest in T3 (10.52%±0.36%). There was apparent accumulation of crude lipid in T1 (8.01%±0.42%), which indicated that the higher carbohydrates (flour) level could enhance the lipid accumulation in the whole body of the fish. Moreover, the level of whole body crude protein could be well maintained when the formula feeds were replaced with rice bran. Flour or rice bran alone may not be sufficient to support the rapid growth of M. cephalus because of the lack of balanced proteins; however, they might help promote the survival rate at early rearing stage. Therefore a partial diet replacement with flour or rice bran in shrimp ponds could be a useful trial. |
| Key words: Mugil cephalus Diet Protein Lipid Feeding |
