| 摘要: |
| 早期发育阶段的海胆是海洋生态毒理学研究的重要模式生物。海胆多巴胺(DA)能神经系统发育较胆碱能系统早，也比5-羟色胺能系统更早地调控海胆早期形态发生和游泳行为，因此，以早期发育阶段海胆为模式生物，对DA能神经系统发育及功能进行综述。DA递质及其受体是DA能系统发育的重要基础，DA及其受体合成后，DA能神经元发育进入DA能神经元前体细胞期，该时期DA及1型DA受体(DRD1)均以直径1–2 μm大小颗粒形式(DA/DRD1-Gs)存在，且从旋转囊胚期至变态阶段在胚胎和幼虫表面均有表达；DA/DRD1-Gs聚集后，四腕幼虫早期，DA能细胞开始在下唇神经节和后口腕基部形成且具有轴突联系，八腕幼虫期其数量增至最大；此后，DA能系统逐步发育直至成熟。海胆早期发育阶段形态发生受多种递质系统共同调控，而游泳行为则在不同时期由DA能神经系统单独或联合其他系统共同调控。最后，展望海胆DA能系统发育影响因子、DA受体发育调控功能及其功能通路、海胆早期三大递质系统在形态发生和游泳行为调控过程中的主次关系及其上/下调机制、神经毒物对DA能系统发育影响等领域的研究前景。 |
| 关键词: 海胆 早期发育阶段 多巴胺能神经系统 |
| DOI：10.11758/yykxjz.20150120 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20120132110011)资助 |
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| Progress on the Research of the Development and Function of the Dopaminergic Nervous System of Sea Urchin in the Early Developmental Stage |
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| Abstract: |
| Sea urchin embryo and larvae in the early developmental stages is an important model for research on marine ecological toxicology. Sea urchin dopaminergic (DA) nervous system develops earlier than the cholinergic system, and it starts to regulate the morphogenesis and swimming behaviors much earlier than the serotonergic system. Here we used sea urchin in the early developmental stages as a model and reviewed the development and the functions of the dopaminergic nervous system. The synthesis of dopamine and the receptors precedes the development of the dopaminergic nervous system. The dopaminergic neuron precursor cell period starts after the synthesis of DA and the receptors. In this period DA and DA receptor 1 (DRD1) appears in the form of granules of which the diameter is 1-2 μm (DA/DRD1-Gs), and they are also expressed on the surface of the embryo and larvae from the rotational blastula stage to the metamorphosis stage. After the aggregation of DA/DRD1-Gs, dopaminergic cells with the axon contacts begin to develop in the labial ganglion and the base of the back oral arms in the early four-wrist larval stage. The number of dopaminergic cells reached the maximum in the eight-wrist larval stage. Then the dopaminergic nervous system continues to develop until the maturity. The morphogenesis in the early developmental stage is regulated by several neurotransmitter systems together, and the swimming behaviors in different early periods can be regulated by either the dopaminergic nervous system alone or together with other systems. In the end, we assessed the prospective studies on issues, such as the factors affecting the development of the dopaminergic nervous system in the early developmental stages of sea urchin, the functions and the signaling pathway of DA receptors, the primary-secondary relationship and the mechanisms of the up-/down-regulation of the three important neurotransmitter systems in early morphogenesis and swimming behaviors, and the influences of neurotoxic substances on the development of the dopaminergic nervous system. |
| Key words: Sea urchin Early developmental stages Dopaminergic nervous system |
