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| 温度对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)胚胎发育和仔鱼活力的影响 |
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张廷廷1,2, 陈 超1, 施兆鸿3, 李炎璐1, 于欢欢1,2, 任保辉4, 徐万土5
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1.农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 青岛 266071;2.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院 上海 201306;3.农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 上海 200090;4.莱州明波水产有限公司 烟台 261400;5.宁波象山港湾水产苗种有限公司 浙江 315700
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| 摘要: |
| 研究了不同孵化温度(16℃、18℃、20℃、22℃、24℃、26℃、28℃和30℃)对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)胚胎发育的影响，记录并分析不同温度处理组受精12 h后的胚胎发育时期、受精卵的孵化周期、孵化率和初孵仔鱼的畸形率，并对初孵仔鱼进行不同温度下的饥饿耐受性实验，测定其每天的存活率和生存活力指数(Survival activity index，SAI)。结果显示，当温度在18–28℃范围内时，胚胎均可孵化出仔鱼，且孵化时间随温度的升高而缩短，孵化时间y与温度x呈极显著的负相关关系，y=12139x−1.869，R2=0.993(P<0.01)。22℃时受精卵孵化率最高，为71.01%，该温度下对应最低畸形率(9.70%)，其次为24℃时，受精卵孵化率为65.37%，畸形率为13.07%；温度低于22℃时，孵化率逐渐降低，18℃时的孵化率为24.39%；温度高于22℃时，孵化率亦明显降低，28℃孵化率最低，为16.11%，而畸形率的变化趋势与孵化率相反。温度为16℃时，受精卵发育至高囊胚期后不再继续发育；温度为30℃时，胚胎停止于胚体形成期。仔鱼的SAI值随着温度的升高先升高后降低，在20℃时，SAI值最高(25.97)，仔鱼的半数死亡时间最长为7 d；22℃时，SAI值有所降低(22.38)，仔鱼在该温度下半数死亡时间为6 d。分析结果可知，云纹石斑鱼受精卵培育的最适温度为22–24℃，仔鱼孵化的最适温度为20–22℃。 |
| 关键词: 云纹石斑鱼 温度 胚胎发育 仔鱼活力 |
| DOI：10.11758/yykxjz.20150121003 |
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| 基金项目:科技部国际合作项目(2012DFA30360)和农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室开放课题共同资助。 |
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| Effects of Temperature on the Embryonic Development and Larval Activity of Epinephelus moara |
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ZHANG Tingting1,2, CHEN Chao1, SHI Zhaohong3, LI Yanlu1, YU Huanhuan1,2, REN Baohui4, XU Wantu5
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1.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071;2.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306;3.Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200090;4.Laizhou Mingbo Fisheries Limited Company, Yantai 261400;5.Xiangshan Gangwan Aquatic Seedlings Limited Company of Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700
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| Abstract: |
| In this study we investigated the effect of incubation temperatures (16℃, 18℃, 20℃, 22℃, 24℃, 28℃, and 30℃) on the embryonic development and larval activity of the Epinephelus moara. The stage of embryonic development after 12 hours of hatching, the hatching rate and the deformity rate of newly-hatched larvae were also measured and analyzed. We performed the starvation test on the newly-hatched larvae and evaluated their daily survival rate and the survival activity index (SAI) at different temperatures. It showed that the embryos could be hatched at 18−28℃. The hatching time was negatively correlated to the temperature as shown in the equation y=12139x−1.869 (R2=0.993, P<0.01), in which y was the hatching time and x was the temperature. The highest hatching rate (71.01%) and the lowest deformity rate (9.7%) were observed at 22℃. A lower hatching rate (65.37%) and higher deformity rate (13.07%) appeared at 20℃. The hatching rate decreased gradually when the temperature was below 22℃, and reached 24.39% at 18℃. The hatching rate also decreased significantly when the temperature was above 22℃, and the lowest hatching rate (16.11%) appeared at 28℃. The effect of temperature on the deformity rate of newly-hatched larvae showed an opposite pattern. The embryonic development stopped at the stage of blastula at 16℃. At 30℃, the cell dividing ceased at the embryo body stage. The SAI first increased and then decreased along with the rise in the temperature. At 20℃, SAI of the larva was the highest (25.97) with the longest half-death time of 7 d. Therefore, the optimal hatching temperature for the fertilized eggs of E. moara could be 22–24℃, and the most suitable temperature for the survival of newly-hatched larvae could be 20–22℃. |
| Key words: Epinephelus moara Temperature Embryonic development Larval activity |