| 摘要: |
| 刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)中国群体(C)和刺参韩国群体(K)进行完全的双列杂交，得到 4个交配组合C(♀)×C(♂)､K(♀)×K(♂)､K(♀)×C(♂)和C(♀)×K(♂)。各交配组合的子一代刺参在16℃、盐度为31的海水中暂养7 d，然后转移到温度或盐度按以下4种方式改变的实验海水中：1) 实验海水温度以1℃/h的速率上升；2) 刺参被转移到梯度的高温海水(27℃、28℃、29℃、30℃和31℃)中；3) 实验海水的盐度以2 psu/h的速率上升或者下降；4) 刺参被迅速转移到梯度的高盐度(36、38、40、42和44)或者低盐度(21、19、17、15、13和11)的海水中。统计单个实验中刺参的存活率。结果显示，温度渐升时，C(♀)×C(♂)和C(♀)×K(♂)组的最高存活温度(Survival temperature maximum, STMax)显著高于K(♀)×K(♂)组，C(♀)×C(♂)和C(♀)×K(♂)组刺参存活率为50%时的温度(50% critical temperature maximum, 50%CTMax)显著高于其他2组(P<0.05)。温度突升时，两杂交组的半数致死高温(Median lethal temperature，LT50)高于韩国自交组，但低于中国自交组。单因素方差分析显示，盐度渐升时，C(♀)×K(♂)组的半数致死高盐(50% critical salinity maximum, 50%CSMax)显著高于韩国自交组(P<0.05)。盐度渐降时，K(♀)×C(♂)组的半数致死低盐(50% critical salinity minimum, 50% CSMin)显著低于K(♀)×K(♂)组(P<0.05)。盐度突降时，K(♀)×C(♂)组的耐受盐度下限(Lower salinity tolerance limit, LSTL)显著低于K(♀)×K(♂)组(P<0.05)。研究表明，中韩杂交刺参在温度和盐度耐受性方面有一定的杂种优势，意味着通过杂交育种，刺参的抗逆性能得到有效改善。 |
| 关键词: 刺参 杂交 高温耐受性 盐度耐受性 |
| DOI：10.11758/yykxjz.20150311002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(2012AA10A412)、农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室基金(2014-MSENC-KF-03)和山东省科技发展计划项目(2012GGA06021)共同资助 |
|
| A Comparative Study on High Temperature and Salinity Tolerance of Hybrids Between Chinese and Korean Populations of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus |
|
FAN Chaojing1,2, CHEN Aihua33, TAN Jie1, WANG Liang4, GAO Fei1, YAN Jingping1, ZUO Zhiliang1,2, SUN Huiling1
|
|
1.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071;2.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306;3.Rushan Aquatic Technology Promotion Department, Rushan 264500;4.Yantai Fishery Research Institute, Yantai 264003
|
| Abstract: |
| The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. In recent years the sustainable development of sea cucumber culture has been hindered in China due to issues such as the depletion of natural resources, the genetic degradation, and frequent outbreaks of diseases. Hybridization has been an effective solution to these issues and improving the breeding in aquaculture. Therefore in this study we investigated the temperature and salinity tolerance in the inbred and hybrid offspring of Chinese and Korean sea cucumber populations. Four hybridized combinations were created with complete dual cross, including C(♀)×C(♂), K(♀)×K(♂), K(♀)×C(♂), and C(♀)×K(♂). Four groups of sea cucumber were acclimated at 16℃ and 31 psu for 7 days. The temperature tolerance was estimated in two ways: transferring the subjects directly into high-temperature seawater (27℃, 28℃, 29℃, 30℃, and 31℃) or raising the temperature gradually at 1℃/h. In the salinity tolerance trials, the salinity of acclimated seawater was increased or decreased at 2 psu/h to determine the SSMin (survival salinity minimum), CSMin (critical salinity minimum), SSMax (survival salinity maximum), and CSMax (critical salinity maximum), respectively. The sea cucumbers were also transferred directly into a series of high salinity (36, 38, 40, 42 and 44 psu) and low salinity (21, 19, 17, 15, 13, and 11 psu) to measure the USTL (upper salinity tolerance limit), and LSTL (lower salinity tolerance limit) respectively. It was found that when the seawater temperature increased gradually, the STMax (survival temperature maximum) of C(♀)×K(♂) and C(♀)×C(♂) group were significantly higher than K(♀)×K(♂) group, the 50%CTMax (50% critical temperature maximum) of C(♀)×K(♂) and C(♀)×C(♂) group were significantly higher than other two groups (P˂0.05). When the seawater temperature increased abruptly, the LT50 (median lethal temperature) of both hybrid groups were higher than that of the Korean population, but lower than that of the Chinese population. One-way analysis of variance showed that when the seawater salinity increased gradually, the 50%CSMax (50% critical salinity maximum) of C(♀)×K(♂) group was significantly higher than K(♀)×K(♂) group (P˂0.05); the 50% CSMin (50% critical salinity minimum) of K(♀)×C(♂) group was significantly lower than K(♀)×K(♂) group (P˂0.05). When the seawater salinity decreased abruptly, the LSTL (lower salinity tolerance limit) of K(♀)×C(♂) group was significantly lower than K(♀)×K(♂) group (P˂0.05). These results suggested that the intra-species hybrids might have moderate heterosis in heat and salinity tolerance. Therefore crossbreeding may effectively improve the stress resistance of A. japonicus. |
| Key words: Apostichopus japonicus Hybrid Heat tolerance Salinity tolerance |
