| 摘要: |
| 采用显微观察、拍照、测量的方法，对太平洋鳕(Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius)人工培育苗种各阶段仔鱼的发育(0–80 dph day post hatching)进行了研究。结果显示，在水温为2–12℃、盐度为28–32、pH为7.8–8.2、光照为800–1200 lx、微充气静水的培育条件下，太平洋鳕早期仔鱼发育主要特征为：0–5 dph仔鱼完全营内源性营养，1 dph仔鱼黑色素沉积较初孵仔鱼颜色加深，眼球出现彩虹色素，5 dph仔鱼消化道已打通(除肝脏外)；6 dph仔鱼开口摄食，消化道内有小颗粒物质，营混合性营养；9 dph大部分仔鱼卵黄囊吸收完毕，消化道内充满褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)，进入外源性营养期，血细胞流动清晰可见；12 dph仔鱼头部黄色色素带明显；15 dph仔鱼黑色素和黄色素密集，鳔器官开始形成；17 dph仔鱼开始出现彩虹色素；20 dph仔鱼眼球发育完善，腹动脉可观察到明显的血流，鱼体尾部色素点开始出现；30–50 dph仔鱼各鳍条雏形发育；30 dph仔鱼尾鳍鳍条开始发育；40 dph仔鱼开始摄食卤虫(Artemia sp.)，第1、2、3背鳍已出现雏形；50 dph仔鱼尾椎骨开始上翘，臀鳍、背鳍雏形已清晰可见；60–80 dph仔鱼色素细胞进一步发育，各鳍条逐步发育完善，胆囊清晰可见；60 dph仔鱼鳃部呈现红色；70 dph仔鱼腹部有银白色鳞片雏形出现；80 dph仔鱼鳃盖已基本发育完善，腹鳍出现。本研究对太平洋鳕仔稚鱼发育过程进行了描述，可为后续规模化人工繁育的开展提供基础数据。 |
| 关键词: 太平洋鳕 仔鱼发育 形态特征 |
| DOI：10.11758/yykxjz.20150520002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:山东省科技发展计划(2013GHY11509)资助 |
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| Observations on Larval Development of Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius) |
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JIANG Yunrong1,2, YU Daode3, LIU Hongjun3, GUAN Shuguang3, ZHANG Shaochun3, ZHANG Yan1
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1.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071;2.Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306;3.Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266002
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| Abstract: |
| Larval development of pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius) (0–80 dph) was observed using microscope. The experimental conditions included water temperature 2–12℃, salinity 28–32, pH 7.8–8.2, and illumination intensity 800–1200 lx. Under the micro aeration hydrostatic conditions, it was observed that on 0–5 dph (day post hatching), the yolk-sac larvae supported by complete endogenous nutrition. Specifically, on 1 dph, the pigmentation became darker and rainbow pigment appeared in the eyeball; on 5 dph, the digestive tract was cleared except for the liver; on 6 dph: the larvae started feeding, and there were small particles in the digestive tract; on 9 dph: the yolk sac was absorbed by most of the larvae and they began to feed on exogenous nutrition, in addition the rotifera in the alimentary canal and the blood circulation became visible; on 12 dph, yellow pigment became obvious in the heads of larvae; on 15 dph, colors of melanin and yellow pigment were intense, and the blubber of larvae started to form; on 17 dph, the rainbow pigment was visible in the eyes; on 20 dph, the development of eye was completed, the blood circulation could be seen in abdominal arteries, and pigment was found in the tail. During 30-50 dph, the fin ray began to develope. On 30 dph, the tail fin began to develop; on 40 dph, the larvae started feeding artemia, and the first, second, and third dorsal fins came into view; on 50 dph, the coccyx curled up, and the anal and dorsal fins were apparently visible. During 60–80 dph, the pigment cells and fin ray were further developed, and the gallbladder could be clearly observed. On 60 dph, gills were covered in red; on 70 dph, silver scales appeared on the abdomen; on 80 dph, the caps of gills were greatly developed and pelvic fins could be seen. Our observation described the developmental process of pacific cod and may provide useful data for the future large-scale artificial breeding. |
| Key words: Gadus microcephalus Tilesius Larval development Morphological characteristics |
