| 摘要: |
| 以体重为338.32–445.98 g的星突江鲽(Platichthys stellatus)、石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus)及其正反杂交种为研究对象，采用国家标准方法对其肌肉的营养成分进行了分析，并对其营养品质进行了评价。结果显示，正交种(星突江鲽♀×石鲽♂)的粗蛋白含量显著高于反交种(石鲽♀×星突江鲽♂)(P<0.05)，与星突江鲽、石鲽差异不显著(P>0.05)；正交种的粗脂肪含量最高，为1.44%，显著高于其他3种鱼(P<0.05)；反交种粗脂肪含量最低，为0.43%，与星突江鲽差异显著(P<0.05)，与石鲽差异不显著(P>0.05)。正交种的水分含量显著低于反交种(P<0.05)，与星突江鲽、石鲽没有显著性差异(P>0.05)，反交种的水分含量最高。4种鱼的灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)；正交种的液体、水分、脂质流失率均显著低于星突江鲽和石鲽(P<0.05)，其熟肉率显著高于反交种(P<0.05)。正交种的必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和氨基酸总量均明显高于其他3种鱼，且支/芳值接近人体正常水平。4种鱼的必需氨基酸总量均高于FAO/WHO标准，尤其是正交种，还高于鸡蛋蛋白质标准。正交种的氨基酸评分、化学评分和必需氨基酸指数也均为最高，而反交种均为最低。研究表明，正交种(星突江鲽♀×石鲽♂)营养价值较高，其肌肉品质更优于星突江鲽和石鲽，在营养物质方面具有一定的杂交优势；反交种(石鲽♀×星突江鲽♂)未表现出明显的杂交优势，这为星突江鲽和石鲽杂交育种性状的选择提供了参考。 |
| 关键词: 星突江鲽 石鲽 杂交种 肌肉 营养成分 |
| DOI：10.11758/yykxjz.20150611002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:山东省自主创新成果转化专项(2013ZHZX2A0803)和鳌山科技创新计划(2015ASKJ02-03)共同资助 |
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| Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritive Composition in Muscles of Platichthys stellatus, Kareius bicoloratus and Their Reciprocal Hybrids |
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CAO Dongzheng1,2, ZHANG Xiaozhong3, CHEN Siqing4, QIN Bo1,2, CHANG Qing4, LIU Changlin4, LIU Xi1,2, LÜ Yunyun1,2
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1. College of Fishers and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306;2. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071;3.Qingdao Environmental Protection Bureau, North Branch, Qingdao 266033;4.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071
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| Abstract: |
| Reciprocal hybrids of Platichthys stellatus and Kareius bicoloratus have been reported, however, little is known about the nutritional facts of their muscles. In this study we analyzed the nutritional components in muscles of P. stellatus, K. bicoloratus and the reciprocal hybrids (initial body weight 338.32–445.98 g) using the current national standard methods. We found that the obverse hybrid (P. stellatus♀×K. bicoloratus♂) had significantly higher crude protein content than the inverse (K. bicoloratus♀×P. stellatus♂, P<0.05), but not significantly different from that of P. stellatus and K. bicoloratus (P>0.05). The crude lipid content of the obverse hybrid (1.44%) was significantly higher than that of the other three species (P<0.05). The inverse hybrid had the lowest level of crude lipid (0.43%) and significantly higher moisture level than the other three species. There was no significant difference in the muscle ash content among the four species (P>0.05). The obverse hybrid had significantly lower juice loss yield, water loss yield and fat loss yield than P. stellatus and K. bicoloratus (P<0.05), and its cooked meat yield was obviously higher than that of the inverse hybrid (P<0.05). The obverse hybrid possessed the highest contents of essential amino acid, delicious amino acid and total amino acid, and its ratio of branched-chain amino acid amount to aromatic amino acid amount was close to the normal value in humans. The contents of essential amino acids in the four species were higher than the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) standard, moreover, it was the highest in the obverse hybrid of which the level was even higher than egg protein standard. The obverse hybrid had remarkably higher amino acids score (AAS), chemical score (CS) and essential amino acid index (EAAI) than the other three species, whereas the inverse hybrid had the lowest scores. These findings indicated that the obverse hybrid showed apparent hybrid advantages and exhibited higher nutritional values and muscle qualities than P. stellatus and K. bicoloratus. However these advantages were not present in the inverse hybrid. Our study provided valuable information for the selection of traits in the breeding between P. stellatus and K. bicoloratus. |
| Key words: Platichthys stellatus Kareius bicoloratus Hybrid Muscle Nutritional composition |
