| 摘要: |
| 为全面掌握小石岛刺参国家级水产种质资源保护区状况，于2012―2018年对该保护区的水环境、沉积物环境、海洋生物生态、保护生物资源概况和主要保护对象刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的遗传多样性进行调查，并分别采用单因子污染指数(Pi)、有机污染指数(A)、生物多样性指数(H´)、线粒体DNA D-loop序列单倍型多样度指数和核苷酸多样度指数进行分析评价。11个航次的监测中，海水除2016年5月无机氮超标(Pi =1.08)、2017年8月无机氮超标(Pi =1.31)且水质开始受到有机污染(A=1.001)外，其他所有参数均符合海水评价标准。沉积物均符合国家Ⅰ类质量标准。海洋生物多样性通常处于较高水平(H≥2)，但2016年5月和2017年8月浮游植物多样性偏低(H=0.45、H=0.28)，2018年5月小型浮游动物多样性偏低(H=0.77)。保护区生物资源丰富，近年来，刺参密度从约2 ind./m2逐渐增加至3~5 ind./m2。2012年和2018年刺参群体的遗传多样性均较高(单倍型多样度指数分别为0.995和0.993，核苷酸多样度指数分别为0.039和0.037)且无显著遗传差异。综合评价认为，该保护区的海洋生态环境和水产种质资源保护良好，但需要防控海水无机氮污染风险。 |
| 关键词: 小石岛 保护区 资源环境 综合评价 刺参 遗传多样性 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20200301001 |
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| 基金项目: |
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| Comprehensive evaluation of the Xiaoshi Island Apostichopus japonicus national aquatic germplasm reserve |
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LIU Lijuan1, JIANG Xiangyang1, GAO Jiqing1, SONG Xiukai1, ZHANG Xuechao2, FU Ping1, JIANG Huichao1, LIU Aiying1, XING Hongyan1
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1.Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Restoration Marine Ecology, Yantai, Shandong 264006, China;2.Weihai Marine and Fishery Monitoring and Hazard Mitigation Center, Weihai, Shandong 264200, China
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| Abstract: |
| To assess the Xiaoshi Island Apostichopus japonicus national aquatic germplasm reserve, parameters related to the water environment, sediment environment, marine ecology, protected biological resources, and genetic diversity of A. japonicus from 2012 to 2018 were examined. The condition of the reserve was evaluated by several indices, including the single factor pollution index (Pi), organic pollution index (A), biodiversity index (H′), haplotype diversity index, and nucleotide diversity index of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence. During 11 cruises, all of the observed parameters met the seawater evaluation standards, except for the dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations, which were greater than the established standards in May 2016 (Pi = 1.08) and August 2017 (Pi = 1.31). This indicates that the water was polluted by organic matter (A = 1.001) in August 2017. The observed sediment parameters met the Class 1 national sediment quality standards. The marine biodiversity indices were high (H′ ≥ 2). However, the phytoplankton diversities were low in May 2016 (H′ = 0.45) and August 2017 (H′ = 0.28), and the small zooplankton diversity was low in May 2018 (H′ = 0.77). The biological resources in the reserve area were rich. The number of A. japonicus per unit square area gradually increased from ~2 to 3~5. A. japonicus genetic diversity was high in 2012 (haplotype diversity index = 0.995, nucleotide diversity index = 0.039) and 2018 (haplotype diversity index = 0.993, nucleotide diversity index = 0.037), and there were no significant genetic differences between the groups. Overall, the marine ecological environment and aquatic germplasm resources in the reserve are well-protected. However, it is necessary to prevent future risks associated with dissolved inorganic nitrogen contamination. |
| Key words: Xiaoshi Island Reserve Resource and environment Comprehensive evaluation Apostichopus japonicus Genetic diversity |
