| 摘要: |
| 为了研究大型海洋掠食性鱼类胃含物中角质颚的分类效果，于2017年10月，2018年3、5和11月，收集了南大西洋、中东太平洋和西印度洋海域的大型海洋掠食性鱼类的36个胃并分析其残留角质颚的形态。对采集的角质颚形态侧视图和顶视图进行种类鉴定，建立检索表，提取椭圆傅里叶描述子(EFDs)系数进行聚类分析。结果显示，通过对胃含物角质颚形态进行种类鉴定，共发现头足类2目10科17种。根据角质颚形态分类检索分析，17种头足类角质颚形态种间差异明显。枪形目(Teuthoidea)的13种头足类角质颚喙部形态分别为三角形和等腰三角形，侧壁为近似菱形，翼部发达；八腕目(Octopoda)的4种头足类角质颚有喙部发育，侧壁近似长四边形，有翼部发育。角质颚形态信息聚类分析在目级别区分效果显著。通过对胃含物角质颚形态进行分类研究，不仅可佐证胃含物头足类的识别，而且丰富了胃含物头足类的鉴定内容，也为大型海洋掠食性鱼类胃含物头足类分类鉴定体系奠定基础。 |
| 关键词: 头足类 角质颚下颚 大型海洋掠食性鱼类 胃含物 分类检索 聚类分析 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20210315002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Systematic classification of Cephalopod beaks from stomach contents of six large marine predatory fishes |
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OU Liguo1, GU Xinyu1, WANG Binyan2, LIU Bilin1,3
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1.College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.College of Information Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;3.National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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| Abstract: |
| With extensive utilization of fishery resources, it is important to understand the related feeding habits of large marine predatory fish. In traditional studies on stomach contents, cephalopod organisms in the stomach of fish are identified mainly on the basis of cephalopod body characteristics. However, because the physical characteristics of cephalopods are affected by digestive juices in fish stomachs, the appearance of cephalopods are easily destroyed. Therefore, there are some limitations in the identification of cephalopods based on these characteristics. Cephalopod beaks have morphological characteristics that can be used for species identification and classification, but the classification of cephalopod beaks from stomach contents of large marine predatory fish has not yet been conducted. Thus, in order to investigate the possibility of classifying cephalopod beaks from stomach contents of six large marine predatory fishes, we examined a total of 36 fish stomachs from the South Atlantic, Middle East Pacific, and Western Indian Oceans in October 2017, March~May 2018, and November 2018, and analyzed cephalopod beak morphology. In this study, two-dimensional digital images of beak morphology were collected. The side and top morphologies of each lower beak were collected for species identification. Based on the morphological characteristics of the beak and the terminology related to beak morphology, a classification retrieval table for beak morphology was developed. The morphology coefficients were analyzed by clustering at the family level by extracting the elliptic Fourier descriptor coefficients of beak morphology. Results showed that a total of 17 species of cephalopods were found in two orders and ten families through species identification using beak morphology. Analysis of the beak morphology from stomach contents revealed that the morphological characteristics of the beaks of 17 species of cephalopods are clearly different among species. According to the classification retrieval of beak morphology, the lower beak of the rostrum of 13 species of Teuthoidea was triangular and isosceles triangle, and the lateral wall was approximately rhomboid. The wings were well-developed. The lower beak of the rostrum of four species of Octopoda was developed, and the lateral wall was approximately a long quadrangle. Wing development occurred. The morphology of beaks in different cephalopods has unique characteristics, and the characteristics of each species are very different, as indicated during the analysis. Cluster analysis of morphological information from beaks was effective for distinguishing cephalopods at the order level. In the cluster analysis, beak morphology was divided into two main parts: one mainly corresponded to Teuthoidea and the other corresponded to Octopoda. The identification and classification of beak morphology from stomach contents can be used as a marker for the biological identification of cephalopods. This not only can support the recognition of cephalopods from stomach contents, but also enrich the identification content of cephalopods from stomach contents. This study lays the foundation for the classification and identification of cephalopods in the stomachs of large marine predatory fish. |
| Key words: Cephalopod Lower beak Large marine predatory fishes Stomach contents Classification search Cluster analysis |
