| 摘要: |
| 本文共分4个部分：1. 通过半个多世纪以来渔业总产量、水产品人均占有量和水产养殖占总产量百分比3组数据展示，直观地表达了中国现代渔业的重大变化。这些重大变化佐证了中国式“以养为主”渔业发展模式的实质性贡献，不仅为保障粮食安全、营养安全和生态安全做出了重要贡献，同时还颠覆了自1840年以来世界“以捕为主或捕捞独大”的近代渔业发展模式，“以养为主”已成为现代渔业发展的主要方向。2. 论述了激发中国式“以养为主”渔业快速、持续发展的驱动力，即超前的思想准备、坚实的科技支撑、正确的发展方针、清晰的发展理念，这4个方面对未来的发展依然重要。3. 保证中国式“以养为主”渔业稳定、持续发展的支撑点，包括独特的水产养殖种类组成和显著的渔业碳汇功能，这些特点仍然是支撑中国式现代渔业稳定持续发展的重要基础。4. 展望未来，绿色高质量发展是中国式现代渔业可持续发展的必需之策。大事之重是建设环境友好型水产养殖业，实施养殖容量规划管理制度，建设资源养护型捕捞业，强化限额捕捞管理制度和养护措施。为了保障渔业绿色高质量发展，需要加强渔业可持续产出的基础和应用研究。 |
| 关键词: 渔业 以养为主 发展模式 驱动力 种类组成 渔业碳汇 容量管理 限额捕捞 养护措施 可持续产出研究 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20230920001 |
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| The past and future of sustainable development of Chinese modern fisheries |
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TANG Qisheng1,2,3
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1.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences;2.Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries
and Sustainable Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, China;3.State Key
Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding and Sustainable Goods, Qingdao 266071, China
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| Abstract: |
| This paper includes four sections. 1. Significant changes in Chinese modern fisheries were explicitly expressed by three data sets (i.e. total fisheries production, per capita production of aquatic products, and aquaculture as a percentage of total production) over the past half century. Such changes document the substantial contributions of Chinese “aquaculture-primary” fisheries development mode, which not only make greatly contribution to ensuring food security, nutrition security and ecological security, but also overturn the development modes of global fisheries oriented or dominated by capture fisheries since 1840. The concept of “aquaculture-primary” has become the main direction of modern fisheries development. 2. The driving forces that stimulate the rapid and sustainable development of Chinese “aquaculture-primary” fisheries were elaborated, including advanced mental preparation, solid technological support, correct development decisions, and clear development concepts. These four aspects will remain to be important for future development. 3. The unique composition of aquaculture species and their considerable carbon sink functions constitute the major pivots for stable and sustainable development of Chinese “aquaculture-primary” fisheries. These characteristics remain essential foundation for supporting stable and sustainable development of Chinese modern fisheries oriented. 4. For the future, green and high-quality development will be a necessary strategy for sustainable development of Chinese modern fisheries. The top priorities are to build an environment-friendly aquaculture and implement an aquaculture carrying capacity planning and management system, and build a stock conservation-based capture fisheries and strengthen the catch quota management system and conservation measures. Therefore, the basic and applied research on sustainable fisheries goods needs to be strengthened for green and high-quality development of fisheries. |
| Key words: Fisheries Aquaculture-primary Development mode Driving force Species composition Fisheries carbon sink Carrying capacity management Catch quota Conservation measures Studies on sustainable goods |
