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| 靖海湾富营养化海域浮游动物群落变化及其影响因素 |
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陈学杨,丁东生,崔正国,曲克明,魏玉秋
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1.天津农学院水产学院 天津 300392;2.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所
农业农村部海洋渔业与可持续发展重点实验室 山东 青岛 266071;3.崂山实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室 山东 青岛 266071;4.崂山实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室 山东 青岛 266072;5.崂山实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室 山东 青岛 266073;6.崂山实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室 山东 青岛 266074
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| 摘要: |
| 沿海生态系统对生物多样性过程至关重要，因为陆地和海洋环境之间存在着强烈的相互作用。浮游动物是海洋生态系统中重要的次生生产者和生物泵的主要驱动因素，其群落变化可能会对沿海生态系统产生影响。因此，综合评价各种环境因素对沿海生态系统中浮游动物群落变化的影响具有重要意义。为研究靖海湾海域浮游动物群落与环境因子的关系，分别于2021年至2022年5月(春季)和8月(夏季)对该海域进行4个航次的环境因子和浮游动物调查，并应用冗余分析(RDA)和Pearson相关性分析探究了环境因子对浮游动物优势种和群落的影响。结果显示，2021―2022年靖海湾海域富营养化程度有显著增加，尤其是在2022年夏季，靖海湾海域受到严重的富营养化污染。2021年浮游动物平均丰度高于2022年，在富营养化最严重的2022年夏季，浮游动物的平均丰度降至54.07个/m3。此外，主坐标分析(PCoA)也显示，2022年夏季浮游动物群落与前3个航次有显著的区别。4个航次共鉴定出浮游动物10类47种，其中，桡足类是春季最优势的种群，浮游幼虫是夏季最优势的种群。太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)和短尾类溞状幼体[Zoea larva (Brachyura)]在4个航次中均为优势种，但在2022年夏季优势度和丰度均出现下降。通过结合RDA和Pearson相关性分析发现，影响靖海湾海域浮游动物群落结构和丰度变化的主要环境因素为富营养化，而盐度影响了浮游动物的季节变化。此外，通过PCoA分析以及对比2021年和2022年的数据发现，台风这类偶发性事件可能也是影响浮游动物群落变化的重要原因之一。研究结果将有利于后续研究靖海湾生态系统以及了解近海海湾浮游动物群落动态的控制因素，有助于科学管理靖海湾生态环境和深入了解海湾浮游动物群落变化的机制。 |
| 关键词: 富营养化 盐度 台风 浮游动物 群落结构 靖海湾 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20231012001 |
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| Changes and influencing factors of the zooplankton community in the eutrophic waters of Jinghai Bay |
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CHEN Xueyang1,2,3, DING Dongsheng2,3, CUI Zhengguo4,5, QU Keming6,7, WEI Yuqiu8,9
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1.Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China;2.Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries and Sustainable Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3.Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266071, China;4.Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries and Sustainable Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266072, China;5.Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and྅ ӭ 炐྅ ӭ 璠྅ 澠ӯ 異྅ ӭ 癀྅ ӭ 眐྅ ӭ 笠྅ ӭ 鱰྅ 烠ӯ ꥰ྅ 爠ӯ ;6.Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries and Sustainable Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266073, China;7.Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and 析 ￬ Ɛ 蘀䀀ᜀ宋体 es New Roman ∙∙Ꞁ;8.Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries and Sustainable Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266074, China;9.Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and 析 ￬ Ɛ 蘀䀀ᜀ微软雅黑 New Roman ∙∙ീ
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| Abstract: |
| Coastal ecosystems are critical to biodiversity owing to the strong interactions between terrestrial and marine environments. Zooplankton are important secondary producers and major drivers of biological pumps in marine ecosystems and changes in their communities may affect coastal ecosystems. Therefore, it is important to comprehensively evaluate the effects of various environmental factors on the changes in zooplankton communities in coastal ecosystems. Previous research has been limited to a single study on the environmental quality or biological communities in Jinghai Bay, and there have been no relevant reports on the analysis and evaluation of the relationship between changes in zooplankton communities and environmental factors in Jinghai Bay. To study the relationship between zooplankton communities and environmental factors in Jinghai Bay, four survey voyages of environmental factors and zooplankton were conducted in May (spring) and August (summer) from 2021 to 2022. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation analysis were used to explore the effects of environmental factors on dominant zooplankton species and communities. The results showed that the degree of eutrophication in Jinghai Bay increased significantly from 2021 to 2022, particularly during the summer of 2022 (average eutrophication index EI >200). The distribution of EI showed that the EI was higher in estuaries in the surveyed sea area, and the source of nutrients may be river-diluted water. In addition, there were significant seasonal changes in salinity, especially in the summer of 2022 (the average salinity dropped to 12.06). The average zooplankton abundance in 2021 was higher than that in 2022, and in the summer of 2022, when eutrophication was most severe, the average zooplankton abundance dropped to 54.07 ind./m3. However, during the summer of 2022, which had the lowest abundance, the biomass did not show the same proportion of decline, which requires further study. In addition, Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) revealed significant differences between the 2022 summer zooplankton communities and the previous three voyages. A total of 47 species of 10 groups of zooplankton were identified during the four voyages, among which copepods were the most dominant species in spring and pelagic larvae in summer. Acartia pacifica and Zoea larva (Brachyura) were the dominant species on all four voyages. From 2021 to 2022, the dominance of Acartia pacifica showed a continuously decreasing trend. In the spring and summer of 2022, Zoea larva (Brachyura) became the dominant species in the sea area, but the relative abundance and dominance of Zoea larva (Brachyura) decreased in summer. The number of dominant species, across both years, reached an apex (7 species) in the summer of 2022. The interannual and seasonal variation trends of the zooplankton communities, as shown by the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and Pielou’s evenness index (J), in Jinghai Bay were similar. In terms of seasonal changes, H′ and J in spring 2021 were higher than those in summer. In 2022, the opposite trend was observed, with H′ and J higher in summer than in spring. From the perspective of inter-annual change, both the H′ and J in 2022 were higher than those in 2021. Generally, from 2021 to 2022, the trend of change of zooplankton biodiversity in the Jinghai Bay area gradually increased. RDA showed that the dominant species, Acartia pacifica and Zoea larva (Brachyura), which appeared in all four surveys, were negatively correlated with EI during spring and summer in both years. Eurytemora pacifica, which only appeared in spring, was positively correlated with salinity during the spring of the two years, whereas in the summer of 2022, the newly emerged dominant species Penilia avirostris, Gammaridae, and Schmackeria poplesia were positively correlated with EI, dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), and negatively correlated with salinity. Pearson correlation analysis showed that EI was negatively correlated with the abundance of zooplankton in all four voyages, positively correlated with abundance and biomass in spring, and negatively correlated with abundance and biomass in summer. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that salinity had an impact on the zooplankton diversity index. Based on the correlation analysis of the RDA and Pearson correlation coefficient, eutrophication was found to be the main environmental factor affecting the community structure and abundance of zooplankton in Jinghai Bay, and salinity affected the seasonal variation in zooplankton. In addition, through PCoA analysis and comparison of data from 2021 and 2022, it was found that occasional events, such as typhoons, may also be an important reason for changes in the zooplankton community. The results of this study will be conducive to a follow-up study of the ecosystem of Jinghai Bay and understanding the factors controlling the dynamics of its zooplankton community, which in turn will contribute to the scientific management of the ecological environment of Jinghai Bay and an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of zooplankton community change in the bay. |
| Key words: Eutrophication Salinity Typhoon Zooplankton Community structure Jinghai Bay |
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