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| 青岛崂山近岸海域表层沉积物中微塑料的污染特征 |
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张莹1,2, 赵信国2,3, 隋琪2,4, 孙雪梅2,5, 朱琳2,6, 夏斌2,7, 曲克明2
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1.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院 上海 201306;2.海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国
重点实验室 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266071;3.海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室 山东 青岛 266237;4.海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室 山东 青岛 266238;5.海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室 山东 青岛 266239;6.海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室 山东 青岛 266240;7.海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室 山东 青岛 266241
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| 摘要: |
| 微塑料污染已成为与全球气候变化、臭氧耗竭和海洋酸化并列的重大全球环境问题，其污染特征及生态环境风险已成为全球研究热点。城市近岸海域往往是高强度人类活动区域，其海底沉积物中微塑料的污染状况可能更为复杂。但至今为止，城市近岸海域沉积物中微塑料的污染现状、分布特征仍不清楚，亟待研究。为此，本研究以典型滨海旅游和海洋城市青岛市为例，对其崂山近岸海域表层沉积物中微塑料的丰度、形状、颜色和聚合物类型等进行了调查研究。结果显示，青岛市崂山近岸海域表层沉积物中微塑料丰度处于9.06~34.48 ind./kg之间，平均丰度为(21.97±8.32) ind./kg；微塑料主要形态为纤维状，占比53%，其余为颗粒状和薄层状；主要颜色为透明色，占比66%，其余为黑色、白色和其他颜色；粒径主要分布于0.5 mm以下，占比76%；聚合物类型主要为聚丙烯，占比45%，其余为聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯和纤维素。与国内外其他海域沉积物相比，青岛市崂山近岸海域表层沉积物中微塑料污染程度整体处于较低水平。但考虑到沿岸城市人类活动强度较大，其微塑料污染状况和分布特征需要长期关注。本研究结果将为城市近岸海域微塑料生态环境风险评估和管控提供科学参考。 |
| 关键词: 微塑料 污染特征 青岛崂山近岸海域 沉积物 |
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| Distribution characteristics of microplastic pollution in the surface sediments of the Laoshan coastal area of Qingdao |
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ZHANG Ying1,2, ZHAO Xinguo2,3, SUI Qi2,4, SUN Xuemei2,5, ZHU Lin2,6, XIA Bin2,7, QU Keming2
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1.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3.Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China;4.Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao 266238, China;5.Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao 266239, China;6.Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao 266240, China;7.Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Qingdao 266241, China
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| Abstract: |
| Owing to the extensive production and utilization of plastic products, a substantial volume of plastic waste is inevitably generated, comprising plastic particles <5 mm in size, which are categorized as microplastics. Microplastics emanating from diverse sources can be classified as primary and secondary. Primary microplastics encompass plastic particles with a diameter <5 mm that are synthetically produced in industrial processes, such as plastic microbeads found in exfoliating scrubs, toothpaste, and facial cleansers. Secondary microplastics result from mechanical abrasion, ultraviolet radiation, biological fragmentation, and other processes acting on larger plastic items. Surveys have revealed the global distribution of microplastics, aptly termed the "PM2.5 of the ocean." Microplastics are a prominent environmental issue, paralleling challenges posed by climate change, ozone depletion, and ocean acidification as an emerging global concern. Consequently, their pollution characteristics and associated ecological and environmental risks have become focal points of global research. Marine microplastics originate predominantly from atmospheric deposition, land-based inputs, coastal tourism, maritime shipping, and fishery production. Seabed sediments serve as a significant reservoir or "sink" for microplastics in oceans. Disparities in microplastic abundance are evident in nearshore beaches, offshore sediments, and deep ocean sediments. The pollution status of microplastics in sediments may be exacerbated in urban nearshore areas owing to intense human activities. However, the status and distribution characteristics of microplastics in urban nearshore sediments remain unclear. Qingdao is a typical coastal and marine city. In this study, we investigated the abundance, morphology, polymer types, and color of microplastics in the surface sediments of the Laoshan coastal area of Qingdao. Microplastics were isolated from surface sediment samples and examined under a stereomicroscope equipped with a camera. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to identify the polymer types of microplastics. The results revealed that the abundance of microplastics in the surface sediments of the Laoshan coastal area of Qingdao ranged from 9.06–34.48 ind./kg with an average of (21.97±8.32) ind./kg. Microplastics with particle sizes <0.5 mm constituted 76% of the total microplastic count. Fiber, granule, and film shapes were predominant, accounting for 53%, 33%, and 14%, respectively. Transparent microplastics were more prevalent than other colors, accounting for 66% of the total. Four polymer types of microplastics were identified: Polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), cellulose, and polyethylene. PP was the dominant polymer type, representing 45%, followed by PS (22%). The microplastic pollution levels in the surface sediments of the Laoshan coastal area of Qingdao were found to be comparatively lower than those in other domestic sea sediments. Considering the heightened human activity in coastal cities, further investigation of the microplastic pollution status and distribution characteristics in coastal areas is warranted. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of the environmental risks posed by microplastics to marine ecosystems and provide a scientific foundation for the assessment and management of microplastic pollution in coastal regions. |
| Key words: Microplastics Pollution characteristics Qingdao Laoshan coastal areas Sediment |
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