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| 凡纳滨对虾家系幼虾淡化和养殖阶段存活性状遗传参数估计 |
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郝登春1, 栾 生2,3, 曹宝祥2,3, 郭聚涛4, 罗 坤2,3, 陈宝龙2,3, 孟宪红2,3, 许圣钰4, 孔 杰2,3
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1.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院 上海 201306;2.农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 青岛 266071;3.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室 青岛 266071;4.河北鑫海水产生物技术有限公司 黄骅 061100
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| 摘要: |
| 准确估计育种目标性状的遗传参数，评估其改良潜力，是制定育种方案、进行选择育种工作的重要前提条件。本研究对100个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)家系15000尾仔虾个体进行淡化和低盐养殖实验，分析了2个阶段家系间存活率的差异，并进一步估计存活性状的遗传力。结果显示，2个阶段存活率范围分别为19.3%~100.00%和11.86%~99.22%，平均存活率分别为66.7%和67.5%。家系幼虾期总体存活率为6.67%~90.67%，平均存活率为46.91%。统计分析显示，2个阶段家系间存活率差异极显著(P<0.01)，存活率的相关系数为0.61(P<0.01)，呈中度正相关(0.32.58)；基于A+C模型，3个阶段遗传力转换后估计值分别为0.06、0.05和0.07，与0相比，估计值均未达到显著水平(z<1.96)。基于A模型和A+C模型，获得的2个阶段间家系存活性状育种值的相关系数分别为0.41±0.09和0.48±0.09。由于半同胞家系比例仅为47%，家系单独在网箱中测试，家系遗传效应与共同环境效应部分混淆，因此，基于A模型获得的遗传力估计值偏高，基于A+C模型获得的遗传力估计值偏低。本研究结果表明，通过多代选择育种，可以改良凡纳滨对虾幼虾淡化和低盐度养殖存活性能。 |
| 关键词: 凡纳滨对虾 淡化实验 存活率 遗传力 |
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| Genetic Parameters of Survival of Juvenile Families of Litopenaeus vannamei During Desalination and Culture Stages |
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HAO Dengchun1, LUAN Sheng2,3,1, CAO Baoxiang2,3,1, GUO Jutao4, LUO Kun2,3,1, CHEN Baolong2,3,1, MENG Xianhong2,3,1, XU Shengyu4, KONG Jie2,3,1
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1.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306;2.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071;3.Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071;4.Hebei Xinhai Aquatic Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Huanghua 061100
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| Abstract: |
| Genetic parameters of breeding object traits are important to design breeding scheme and evaluate selection response before performing a selective breeding program. In this study, a total of 15000 individuals from 100 families of Litopenaeus vannamei at the juvenile stage were desalinated and reared at a low salinity of 5 to explore the survival rate and the heritability. The results showed that the range of the survival rate at the desalination stage and culture stage were 19.33%–100.00% and 11.9%–99.2%, and the average survival rate were 66.7% and 67.5%, respectively. The range of the overall survival rate at the juvenile stage was 6.67%–90.67% with the average survival rate 46.91%. There were significant differences on the survival rate between families at two stages (P<0.01). There was significant and moderate positive correlation on the survival rate of families between two stages (r=0.61, P<0.01). The heritabilities of survival for two stages were estimated by the model of the additive genetic effect (A) and the model combining A and the common environmental effect (C). Based on the A model, the heritability of survival for the desalination stage, culture stage and combination of two stages were 0.09, 0.10 and 0.14, respectively, which were significantly different from zero (z﹥2.58). Based on the A+C model, heritability of survival were 0.06, 0.05 and 0.07, respectively, which were not significantly different from zero (z<1.96). The genetic correlation on the survival rate of families between two stages for the A and A+C models were 0.41±0.09 and 0.48±0.09, respectively. The additive genetic effect was partially confounded with the common environmental effect because the proportion of half-sib families to full-sib families was only 47% when each family were cultured in a separate cage. Therefore, the heritability estimates based on the A model were overestimated, and the heritability estimates based on the A+C model was underestimated. The results implied that the adaptability of low salinity for Pacific white shrimp can be improved through a selective breeding program. |
| Key words: Litopenaeus vannamei Desalination Survival Heritability |