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| 大黄鱼消化道菌群结构、消化酶和非特异性免疫酶活力分析 |
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姜燕1,2, 徐永江2, 于超勇3, 柳学周1,2, 王滨2, 郑炜强1, 官曙光3, 史宝2, 陈佳1, 柯巧珍1
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1.大黄鱼育种国家重点实验室 宁德市富发水产有限公司 宁德 352103;2.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室 青岛 266071;3.山东省海洋生物研究院 青岛 266104
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| 摘要: |
| 为研究大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)消化道的菌群结构、消化酶和非特异性免疫酶活力特征，本研究采用高通量测序技术系统分析大黄鱼胃、幽门盲囊和肠道中菌群组成及分布，并对比研究工厂化养殖和网箱养殖模式下的消化道菌群；同时，结合生化分析方法解析2种模式下消化道消化酶和非特异性免疫酶活力特征。结果显示，2种养殖模式下，菌群多样性随消化道延伸呈下降趋势；乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae(f))、Fructobacillus、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)等代表的菌属为共有优势菌群。其中，拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和Anaerostipes等的丰度随消化道延伸呈下降趋势，而乳杆菌科、E01_9C_26_marine_group(o)所代表的菌属及黄杆菌属等则相反；普氏菌属(Prevotella_9)、乳杆菌科代表的菌属为2种模式养殖大黄鱼的主要差异菌属。工厂化养殖条件下，幽门盲囊和肠道中的菌群组成及其参与营养和免疫相关代谢通路的基因数目差异不显著(P>0.05)，但与胃部的菌群组成和相关代谢通路基因数目存在明显差异；而网箱养殖大黄鱼胃部与幽门盲囊和肠道的菌群结构及相关代谢通路基因数目差异相对较小。2种养殖模式下的大黄鱼消化道菌群与饲料菌群相近。另外，胃和幽门盲囊也具有非特异性免疫酶活性，说明，整个消化道还具有一定的化学免疫屏障作用。本研究结果将为大黄鱼健康养殖提供基础参考，并为消化道菌群生理功能探讨提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 大黄鱼 消化道 菌群 消化酶 非特异性免疫酶 养殖模式 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20190515002 |
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| Analysis of Microbiota Structure, Digestive Enzyme and Nonspecific Immune Enzyme Activity in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Large Yellow Croaker |
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JIANG Yan1,2, XU Yongjiang2, YU Chaoyong3, LIU Xuezhou1,2, WANG Bin2, ZHENG Weiqiang1, GUAN Shuguang3, SHI Bao2, CHEN Jia1, KE Qiaozhen1
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1.State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103;2.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071;3.Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Provincial, Qingdao 266104
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| Abstract: |
| The aim of this project was to investigate the characteristics of the microbiota structure and the activity of digestive and nonspecific immune enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). We systematically analyzed the composition and distribution of microbiota in the stomach, pyloric caecum, and gut of large yellow croaker using high-throughput sequencing. Moreover, we conducted comparative analysis of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota in large yellow croakers cultured via the industrialized or net cage culture pattern. Under these two aquaculture patterns, we analyzed the activity of digestive and nonspecific immune enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract through biochemical methods. The microbiota diversity in the gastrointestinal tract declined under both aquaculture patterns. The genera including Lactobacillaceae(f), Fructobacillus and Flavobacterium, and etc, were the shared and dominant microbiota. The abundances of Bacteroides and Anaerostipes declined from the beginning of the gastrointestinal tract to the end, while those of Flavobacterium and genera represented by Lactobacillaceae (f) and the E01_9C_26_marine_group increased under both aquaculture patterns. Genera belonging to Prevotella_9 and Lactobacillaceae(f) were the main different species between these two aquaculture patterns. Under the industrialized pattern, the composition of microbiota and number of genes involved in metabolic pathways associated with nutrition and immunity were not significantly different between the pyloric caecum and gut (P>0.05), while these values obviously different from those in the stomach. In contrast, under net cage culture, differences between the stomach and pyloric caecum or gut decreased. The microbiota composition of the gastrointestinal tract of large yellow croakers cultured with these two patterns was similar to that of the feed. Additionally, the stomach and pyloric caecum exhibited nonspecific immune enzyme activities, indicating that the entire gastrointestinal tract functions as a chemical immune barrier. These results can serve as a basis for healthy large yellow croaker cultures and provide a theoretical foundation for studying the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. |
| Key words: Large yellow croaker Gastrointestinal tract Microbiota Digestive enzymes Nonspecific immune enzymes Culture mode |