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| 鞍带石斑鱼(♂)与褐石斑鱼(♀)、云纹石斑鱼(♀)杂交后代变态发育和生长比较 |
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吴玉萍1,2, 田永胜3,2, 成美玲1,2, 李振通2,4, 张晶晶2,4, 王林娜3,2, 马文辉5, 庞尊方5, 张淞林5, 翟介明5
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1.大连海洋大学水产与生命学院 大连 116023;2.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室 青岛 266071;3.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室 青岛 266071;4.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院 上海 201306;5.莱州明波水产有限公司 莱州 261400
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| 摘要: |
| 本研究利用鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)冷冻精子分别与褐石斑鱼(E. bruneus)、云纹石斑鱼(E. moara)卵进行人工授精，对2种杂交子代褐龙石斑鱼(E. bruneus♀×♂E. lanceolatus)和云龙石斑鱼(E. moara♀×♂E. lanceolatus)的变态发育、仔稚幼鱼的生长进行观察和比较。结果显示，2个杂交后代受精率相近，但褐龙石斑鱼畸形率高于云龙石斑鱼，孵化率低于云龙石斑鱼。根据卵黄囊的消长、第2背鳍棘和腹鳍棘长度变化、鳞片及体色的变化，杂交后代的胚后发育划分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期和幼鱼期。在温度为24℃~26℃、盐度为29~31、溶解氧≥10 mg/L的条件下，褐龙石斑鱼与云龙石斑鱼生长发育至5 d时卵黄囊消失；培育至41 d进入稚鱼期，此时第2背鳍棘、腹鳍棘长度分别为(9.74±0.42)、(7.79±0.39) mm和(9.59± 0.46)、(5.81±0.09) mm，达到最长值，之后开始退化缩短；褐龙石斑鱼发育至51 d时，稚鱼完成变态进入幼鱼期，全长为(25.46±1.16) mm，云龙石斑鱼稍晚(56 d)，此时，全长为(23.24±1.21) mm；62 d褐龙石斑鱼体表出现4条褐色斑带，云龙石斑鱼体表出现6条褐色斑带；生长至70 d时，褐龙石斑鱼全长是云龙石斑鱼的1.04倍。褐龙石斑鱼全长日生长公式为L=2.6208e0.0465x，R²=0.9603；云龙石斑鱼全长日生长式为L=2.7158e0.0453x，R²=0.9451。褐龙石斑鱼肛前距与日龄关系式为P=1.3371e0.0483x，R²=0.9643；云龙石斑鱼肛前距与日龄的方程式为P=1.4017e0.0467x，R²=0.944。褐龙石斑鱼与云龙石斑鱼全长日增长率均在1日龄时达到最大，分别为27.89%和30.03%；13 d时，褐龙石斑鱼肛前距日增长率达到最大(25.21%)，云龙石斑鱼12 d时达到最大(27.01%)。研究表明，褐龙石斑鱼表现出较云龙石斑鱼生长更快的杂种优势，为同父异母石斑鱼杂交后代的生长及进一步育种提供了丰富的生物学数据。 |
| 关键词: 褐石斑鱼 云纹石斑鱼 鞍带石斑鱼 杂交子一代 仔稚幼鱼 形态发育 |
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| Comparison of Metamorphosis Development and Growth of Hybrid Offspring of Epinephelus lanceolatus (♂) and E. bruneus (♀) or E. moara (♀) |
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WU Yuping1,2, TIAN Yongsheng3,2, CHENG Meiling1,2, LI Zhentong2,4, ZHANG Jingjing2,4, WANG Linna3,2, MA Wenhui5, PANG Zunfang5, ZHANG Songlin5, ZHAI Jieming5
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1.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023;2.Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071;3.Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071;4.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306;5.Laizhou Mingbo Aquatic Co., Ltd., Yantai 261400
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| Abstract: |
| Frozen sperm from Epinephelus lanceolatus and eggs from E. bruneus and E. moara were used for artificial insemination. The metamorphosis development and growth of larval juvenile of the two hybrid offspring, Helong grouper (E. bruneus♀×♂E. lanceolatus) and Yunlong grouper (E. moara♀×♂E. lanceolatus), were observed and compared. The results showed that the rates of fertilization of the two hybrids were similar, but the malformation rate in the Helong grouper was higher than that of Yunlong grouper, while the hatching rate was lower than that of the Yunlong grouper. The post embryonic development of hybrid offspring was divided into larval stage, juvenile stage and young fish stage based on the features of the yolk-sac, the second dorsal fin spine and the first pelvic fin spine, scale and body color. At temperature of 24~26℃ and salinity of 29~31, DO≥10 mg/L, the yolk sac of Helong grouper and Yunlong grouper disappeared 5 days after hatching (dah). At 41 dah, these two species of fish transited to the juvenile stage at the same time, and the lengths of the second dorsal fin spine and the pelvic fin spine were (9.74±0.42) mm and (7.79±0.39) mm, and (9.59±0.46) mm and (5.81±0.09) mm, respectively, reaching the longest value, and then began to shorten. At 51 dah, Helong grouper juvenile fish completed metamorphosis and transited to the young stage with a total length of (25.46±1.16) mm. The time of Yunlong grouper transited to the young stage was later than Helong grouper (56 dah), with the total length of (23.24±1.21) mm. At 62 dah, there were four brown patches on the body surface of the Helong grouper, and six brown patches on the body surface of the Yunlong grouper. The growth rate of the Helong grouper was greater than that of the Yunlong grouper, and the whole length of the Helong grouper was 1.04 times as long as that of the Yunlong grouper at 70 dah; the Helong grouper showed a faster growing heterosis than the Yunlong grouper. The daily growth formula of the full length of the Helong grouper was L=2.6208e0.0465x, R²=0.9603 and that of the Yunlong grouper was L=2.7158e0.0453x, R²= 0.9451. The relationship between preanal distance and days for the Helong grouper was P=1.3371e0.0483x, R²=0.9643 and that of the Yunlong grouper was P=1.4017e0.0467x, R²=0.944. At 1 dah, the daily growth rates of the full length Helong groupers and Yunlong groupers reached the maximum, were 27.89% and 30.03%, respectively. At 13 dah, the daily growth rate of preanal distance of the brown Helong grouper was the maximum (25.21%), and that of Yunlong grouper reached a maximum (27.01%) at 12 dah. The results of this study showed that the Helong grouper expressed faster heterosis than the Yunlong grouper, and provided abundant biological data for the growth and breeding of crossbred offspring from the same father but a different mother grouper. |
| Key words: Epinephelus bruneus Epinephelus moara Epinephelus lanceolatus Crossbreed F1 Larvae, juveniles, young fish Morphological development |
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