| 摘要: |
| 中国是贝类养殖大国，30余年来，贝类养殖产量总体稳中有升，但部分贝类的养殖产业因疫病影响出现严重萎缩、甚至消失。20世纪90年代以来，中国多种双壳贝类和杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)因感染疱疹病毒出现大规模死亡，成为近年来危害中国贝类养殖业的主要病原。经流行病学调查和病原鉴定，引起中国双壳贝类和杂色鲍死亡的疱疹病毒分别为牡蛎疱疹病毒(Ostreid herpesvirus 1, OsHV-1)和鲍疱疹病毒(Haliotid herpesvirus 1, HaHV-1)。贝类疱疹病毒病不仅在中国发生，同时也在全球多个国家、地区传播和暴发，引起全球贝类养殖从业者和科研人员的广泛关注。多国学者从病毒特征、流行病学、诊断技术、生态防控和抗病育种等多个角度展开研究，以期减轻此类病毒对贝类产业造成的危害。大量科研力量的投入使OsHV-1和HaHV-1成为分类地位明确，研究最深入、最全面的贝类病毒性病原。本文对近年来OsHV-1和HaHV-1研究领域取得的主要成果进行总结，重点介绍其在中国和全球范围的发生、传播过程、产业危害和防控措施等。 |
| 关键词: 贝类养殖 软体动物疱疹病毒 牡蛎疱疹病毒 鲍疱疹病毒 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20200527001 |
| 分类号: |
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| Malacoherpesviruses and their associated damages to mollusk aquaculture industry |
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BAI Changming, XIN Lusheng, WANG Chongming
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Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity,
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071
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| Abstract: |
| China is one of the largest producers of cultivated mollusks and the production has increased steadily over the last 30 years. The aquaculture industry growing specific kinds of cultured mollusks in some localities or regions might suffer huge losses owing to infectious diseases. Mass mortalities of bivalves and small abalone (Haliotis diversicolor supertexta) associated with herpesviruses have frequently occurred since the 1990s, resulting in huge economic and social damages to related families and communities. Herpesvirus now represents the most destructive pathogen faced by mollusk aquaculture in China. Significant losses, which resulted from the epidemics associated with herpesvirus infection, have attracted enormous attentions in related sectors, including the scientific community. Epidemiological and etiological investigations showed that the herpesviruses infecting bivalves and abalone were Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) and Haliotid herpesvirus 1 (HaHV-1). The outbreak of herpesvirus infection in mollusks not only happened in China but also in many other countries and regions around the world. Pacific oysters such as Crassostrea gigas were the most seriously affected bivalves. The significant loss associated with infectious diseases has attracted huge attentions from producers and researchers in the mollusk aquaculture sector around the world. To mitigate production loss associated with herpesvirus infection in mollusk aquaculture, researchers have investigated the characteristics of OsHV-1 and HaHV-1 viruses, their geographical distribution, susceptible hosts, epidemiological characteristics, and disease diagnosis and have tried to find ways to prevent and control them, including the use of disease resistance breeding. Large investments in scientific research has made OsHV-1 and HaHV-1 the most well studied viruses of mollusks. They also represented the only two mollusk viruses with clear classification status. In this study, we summarized the recent progress related to OsHV-1 and HaHV-1, with an emphasis on the occurrence, spread, damage, and disease control practices in China. |
| Key words: Mollusk aquaculture Malacoherpesvirus Ostreid herpesvirus 1 Haliotid herpesvirus 1 |
