| 摘要: |
| 棘皮动物因其富含蛋白质、氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸和其他生理活性物质，有较高的食用及药用价值，是我国一类重要的水产经济动物，需求日益提升，因此，发展棘皮动物养殖研究及其产业化十分紧迫。微藻富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素、类胡萝卜素和丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸等营养物质，在新型水产饲料资源开发中备受关注。微藻作为幼体动物的鲜活饵料，在促进幼体生长、提高存活率方面显著优于人工饵料，在棘皮动物养殖中也得到广泛应用。本文对近年来微藻及其生物活性物质在经济棘皮动物(海参和海胆)养殖中的应用及研究进展进行概括总结，首次围绕微藻在经济棘皮动物生长、发育、变态过程中的作用以及微藻饵料在经济棘皮动物养殖中的应用进行综述，概括了经济棘皮动物养殖常用微藻种类，分析了微藻对海参、海胆脂肪酸组成以及免疫功能的影响，对经济棘皮动物养殖中存在的问题进行探讨并提出建议，以期为我国海参、海胆养殖业的发展提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 微藻 饵料 海参 海胆 变态发育 不饱和脂肪酸 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20201207002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Progress in research on application of microalgae bait in echinoderm culture |
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LIU Ruiqing1,2, HE Meilin1,2, WANG Changhai1,2,3
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1.College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Nanjing 210095;2.Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095;3.Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Ocean University of Jiangsu, Lianyungang 222005
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| Abstract: |
| Echinodermata are important aquatic animals of commercial value in China. Enriched in proteins, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and other physiologically active substances, they are considered healthy food with increasing consumer demand. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and industrialize echinoderm breeding. However, the high mortality rate, slow growth rate, and low nutritional quality during echinoderm breeding are the main bottlenecks limiting the development of the echinoderm industry. It is well known that marine animals require certain essential fatty acids, particularly n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, for their normal growth, development, and immunity. Essential fatty acids can directly affect the development and survival of juvenile of echinoderms grown in aquaculture. To meet the nutritional needs of juveniles and adults, the supply of high-quality bait is essential to overcome these bottlenecks. Microalgae are rich in proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and other nutrients, and have attracted increased attention in the development of new aquatic feed resources. Fresh bait for young animals is significantly better than artificial bait in promoting growth and improving survival rates. It is also widely used in breeding echinoderms. In this paper, the research progress on the application of microalgae and bioactive chemicals in typical commercial echinoderm (sea cucumber and sea urchin) farming and breeding were reviewed with respect to their effects on the growth, development, and impact on the larval growth. We have summarized the microalgae species commonly used in economic echinoderm breeding and the effects of microalgae on the fatty acid composition and immune status of sea cucumbers and sea urchins were analyzed. Furthermore, the challenges limiting the application of microalgae bait in echinoderm breeding and farming are discussed, and alternative solutions are offered for sea cucumber and sea urchin culture in China. |
| Key words: Microalgae Bait Sea cucumber Sea urchin Metamorphosis Unsaturated fatty acids |
