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| 池塘和稻田养殖模式对泥鳅营养品质的影响 |
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蔡丽君1,2, 郭全友2, 马东林2, 王海华3,4,5, 杨絮2, 马本贺3,4,5, 黄海潮2, 郑尧2
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1.上海海洋大学食品学院 上海 201306;2.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 上海 201306;3.江西省水产科学研究所 江西 南昌 330039;4.农业农村部湖泊渔业资源环境科学观测实验站 江西 南昌 330039;5.南昌市特种水产繁育与健康养殖重点实验室 江西 南昌 330039
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| 摘要: |
| 为探究不同养殖模式对台湾泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus ssp.)和泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)营养品质的影响，本研究分析了池塘和稻田养殖模式下，台湾泥鳅和泥鳅的形体性状、营养成分和品质差异，并探讨了这些指标间的相关性。结果显示，台湾泥鳅的肥满度显著高于泥鳅，其中，池塘养殖模式下的台湾泥鳅(P. dabryanus ssp. pond-cultivated, PPOC)肥满度(1.00±0.01)显著高于池塘养殖模式下的泥鳅(M. anguillicaudatus pond-cultivated, MPOC) (0.50±0.01) (P<0.05)。泥鳅的粗蛋白含量显著高于台湾泥鳅(P<0.05)，而粗脂肪含量显著低于台湾泥鳅(P<0.05)，其中，稻田养殖模式下的泥鳅(M. anguillicaudatus paddy-cultivated, MPAC)粗蛋白含量最高，达(21.09±0.57)%。除内聚性外，台湾泥鳅的质构特性显著高于泥鳅(P<0.05)；养殖模式对2种泥鳅的形体性状有显著影响，PPOC肥满度显著高于稻田养殖模式下的台湾泥鳅(P. dabryanus ssp. paddy-cultivated, PPAC) (P<0.05)，MPOC肥满度显著低于MPAC (P<0.05)。池塘养殖模式下2种泥鳅的致动脉粥样化指数和血栓形成指数显著低于稻田养殖的相同品种(P<0.05)，硬度(PPOC)>硬度(PPAC)，弹性(MPOC)<弹性(MPAC) (P<0.05)，稻田养殖模式的2种泥鳅的谷氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸和甲硫氨酸高于池塘模式的相同品种(TAV>1)。主成分分析结果显示，形体性状与营养品质密切相关，肥满度与体长体高比呈负相关(–0.996)，与质构特征、粗脂肪含量呈正相关，与水分、灰分、粗蛋白含量呈负相关。基于肥满度、质构等指标，PPOC最适合作为泥鳅加工原料。 |
| 关键词: 台湾泥鳅 泥鳅 养殖模式 形体特征 营养品质 |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20210522002 |
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| Effects of Pond-Cultivation and Paddy-Cultivation Modes on Nutritional Quality of Loach |
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CAI Lijun1,2, GUO Quanyou2, MA Donglin2, WANG Haihua3,4,5, YANG Xu2, MA Benhe3,4,5, HUANG Haichao2, ZHENG Yao2
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1.College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 201306, China;3.Jiangxi Fisheries Research Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330039, China;4.Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources Environment in Poyang Lake, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330039, China;5.Nanchang Key Laboratory of Special Aquactic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330039, China
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the effects of different culture mode on the nutritional quality of loaches, differences in body characteristics, nutritional composition, and quality of Paramisgurnus dabryanus ssp. and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus pond-cultivated and paddy-cultivated were evaluated, and the correlation between body characteristics and nutritional quality were discussed. The results showed that the fatness of P. dabryanus ssp. pond-cultivated (PPOC) (1.00±0.01) was significantly higher than that of M. anguillicaudatus pond-cultivated (MPOC) (0.50±0.01) (P<0.05). The crude protein content of M. anguillicaudatus was significantly higher than that of P. dabryanus ssp. (P<0.05), while the crude fat content of M. anguillicaudatus was significantly lower than that of P. dabryanus ssp. (P<0.05). M. anguillicaudatus paddy-cultivated (MPAC) had the highest crude protein content (21.09±0.57)%. The texture properties of P. dabryanus ssp. were significantly better than those of M. anguillicaudatus (P<0.05), except for cohesiveness. The culture model had a significant effect on the body characteristics of loaches. The fatness of PPOC was significantly higher than that of PPAC (P<0.05), and the fatness of MPOC was significantly lower than that of MPAC (P<0.05). The atherogenic and thrombogenic indices of the two pond-cultivated loaches were significantly lower than those paddy-cultivated (P<0.05). Hardness (PPOC)>hardness(PPAC), and springiness(MPOC)1). The results of principal component analysis showed that there was a close relationship between body characteristics and nutritional quality. Fatness was negatively correlated with the ratio of body length to height (–0.996), positively correlated with TPA characteristics and crude fat content, and negatively correlated with moisture content, ash content, and crude protein content. Based on the indexes of fatness and texture et al, PPOC is the most suitable raw material for loach processing. |
| Key words: Paramisgurnus dabryanus ssp. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cultivation mode Body characteristics Nutritional quality |