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| 烟威近岸海域鱼类早期资源群落结构及适宜产卵生境 |
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张雨轩1,2,3, 卞晓东1,2, 单秀娟1,2, 金显仕1,2, 王惠宾1
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1.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室 山东省渔业资源与
生态环境重点实验室 山东 青岛 266071;2.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物
产出过程功能实验室 山东 青岛 266071;3.上海海洋大学海洋科学学院 上海 201306
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| 摘要: |
| 烟威近岸海域是历史上重要的鲐(Scomber japonicus)产卵场之一，或囿于对其“过路渔场”的认知，近年来对该海域鱼类产卵场的研究相对较少。为了解烟威近岸海域鱼类产卵场现状，于2020年4—9月对该海域开展逐月产卵场调查，基于鱼卵、仔稚鱼及环境数据，运用空间插值、聚类分析、非度量多维标度排序、相似性分析和冗余分析(RDA)等方法对该海域鱼类早期资源时空分布、群落结构月度更替及主要种类适宜产卵生境进行了综合分析。结果显示，2020年4—9月于烟威近岸海域采集到鱼类早期资源种类52种，包括33种鱼类的337 038粒鱼卵和28种鱼类的2122尾仔稚鱼；5—6月为主要产卵期，共有21种鱼卵出现，鱼卵数量占全年鱼卵总数的98.32%，主要产卵场位于烟台套子湾至威海鸡鸣岛北部海域，主要产卵种类为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、鲐、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)、高眼鲽(Cleisthenes herzensteini)、黄条 (Seriola lalandi)、绯 (Callionymus beniteguri)、少鳞 (Sillago japonica)、黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、长蛇鲻(Saurida elongata)等；烟威近岸海域鱼卵与仔稚鱼群落结构年内变化明显，除产卵末期(8—9月)外，各月间种类更替率不低于50%，鱼卵与仔稚鱼群落月间平均相异性不低于73%；海表温度(SST)、海底温度(SBT)、海表盐度(SSS)和深度(DEP)是显著影响4—9月主要鱼种产卵选择的环境因子。研究表明，烟威近岸海域为黄渤海规模较大的鱼类产卵场之一，需在鱼类早期生活史研究与产卵场养护策略制定时得到足够重视。 |
| 关键词: 烟威近岸海域 产卵场 鱼卵仔稚鱼 群落结构 RDA |
| DOI：10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20220128001 |
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| Community structure and suitable habitat for the early life stages of marine fish in the Yantai-Weihai offshore waters |
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ZHANG Yuxuan1,2,3, BIAN Xiaodong1,2, SHAN Xiujuan1,2, JIN Xianshi1,2, WANG Huibin1
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1.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment of Shandong Province, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China;2.Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China;3.College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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| Abstract: |
| Spawning grounds are essential habitats for the early life stages of marine aquatic animals. The habitat conditions of fish spawning grounds determine the quantity and growth of eggs and larvae, which in turn have an important impact on marine fish recruitment. Historically, there was one important spawning ground of Scomber japonicus in the Yantai-Weihai offshore waters, which were considered an unstable spawning ground as it is the main breeding migration channel for most of the breeding fish stocks migrating from the Yellow Sea to the Bohai Sea in the spring, and a feeding ground when adult and juvenile fish migrate out of the Bohai Sea in summer and autumn. Therefore, the Yantai-Weihai offshore waters have not been well studied in recent years. To determine the current fish spawning ground status in this area, monthly surveys were conducted from April to September 2020. Pooled analyses of the fish eggs, larvae, and environmental data employed spatial interpolation, clustering analysis, non-metric multi-dimensional scaling, similarity analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA). The spatio-temporal distribution patterns and monthly community turnover of the marine fish early life stages and the optimal habitat of the main species were also examined. In total, 52 fish eggs and larvae species were collected, including 337 038 eggs of 33 taxa and 2122 larvae of 28 taxa. The main spawning season was from May to June, with 21 taxa accounting for 98.32% of the total species observed during the whole year. The main spawning ground was located in northern waters from the Yantai Taozi Bay to Weihai Jiming Island. Engraulis japonicus, S. japonicus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Cleisthenes herzensteini, Seriola lalandi, Callionymus beniteguri, Sillago japonica, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, Cynoglossus joyneri, and Saurida elongata were the main spawning species. The eggs and larvae community structures presented apparent monthly variance in the Yantai-Weihai offshore waters. Apart from the end of the spawning season between August and September, the monthly species turnover rates were over 50%, with average dissimilarities between eggs and larvae communities in the adjacent months of more than 73%. In April, Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini was the dominant eggs taxon, while the dominant larvae taxon was Ammodytes personatus. In May, E. japonicus and S. japonicus were the dominant eggs species, while Sebastes schlegelii was the dominant larvae species. E. japonicus eggs and larvae were both dominant in June and July. In August, the dominant eggs taxa were C. joyneri and S. japonica, and the dominant larvae taxon was E. japonicus. There was no dominant taxon in September. From April to June, E. japonicus was the indispensable species to the community structure and contributed the most to community turnover, while S. japonicus was the second most important species. Habitat environmental factors in the Yantai-Weihai offshore waters within the survey areas from April to September 2020 varied as follows: the sea surface temperature (SST) ranged from 8.27℃ to 26.05℃, the sea bottom temperature (SBT) from 8.01℃ to 24.52℃, the sea surface salinity (SSS) from 30.87 to 33.27, and the seafloor depth from 4.4 to 82.0 m. The RDA results showed that variation in SST, SBT, SSS, and seafloor depth affected fish spawning activities significantly. The suitable spawning habitat of E. japonicus, S. japonicus, S. niphonius, S. lalandi, C. herzensteini, and C. beniteguri was the areas with low SST and SBT, and high SSS. The suitable spawning habitat of P. herzensteini and A. schlegelii was the shallow waters with low SST, while low SBT and high SSS was suitable only for P. herzensteini. The suitable spawning habitat of C. joyneri was the areas with high SST and SBT, and low SSS, and for S. elongata and Trichiurus lepturus was the medium shallow waters and areas with high SBT and low SSS, respectively. Finally, the suitable spawning habitat of S. japonica was the bottom waters with high SBT. During the peak spawning season, the species number and ecological density of fish's eggs in the Yantai-Weihai offshore waters were significantly higher than those distributed in the Liaodong Bay and Laizhou Bay, which represented the typical spawning grounds in the whole Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. In conclusion, typical fish spawning grounds are currently distributed in the Yantai-Weihai offshore waters; therefore, research on the early life history and spawning grounds of marine fish in this area is critical. This study provides important ecological information on the early life stages of fish for conservation and formulation of spawning ground protection strategies in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. |
| Key words: Yantai-Weihai offshore waters Spawning grounds Fish eggs and larvae Community structure RDA |
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