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| 长山列岛潮间带贝类群落结构季节变化 |
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葛广玉1,2, 周丽青1, 井浩3, 吴宙4, 吴彪5, 孙秀俊6, 刘志鸿7, 杨玉敏1,2, 赵丹1
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1.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266071;2.浙江海洋大学国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心 浙江 舟山 316022;3.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266072;4.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266073;5.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266074;6.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266075;7.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 山东 青岛 266076
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| 摘要: |
| 为了解贝类群落结构季节变化，对长山列岛潮间带贝类组成和多样性进行调查。本研究分别于2021年7月、2021年10月、2022年2月和2022年5月的大潮期间，对长山列岛5个代表性岛屿10个调查站点的潮间带贝类种类组成和多样性进行调查，并测量调查点间隙水水质参数。本次调查共采集到12种贝类，各季节贝类种类数量春季最多，秋季次之，冬季最少；贝类优势种为春季最多，秋季次之，夏冬季最少；各个潮区贝类物种多样性指数H′为中潮带(1.44)>低潮带(1.40)>高潮带(0.44)，各季节平均贝类物种多样性整体上为春季(1.26)>冬季(1.21)>秋季(1.11)>夏季(0.95)；各个潮区中贝类均匀度指数J′为中潮带(0.67)>低潮带(0.59)>高潮带(0.29)，而各季节变化不明显；各个潮区中贝类丰富度指数d为中潮带(0.56)>低潮带(0.52)>高潮带(0.17)，在季节上，贝类丰富度整体上春季(0.681)>秋季(0.573)>夏季(0.458)>冬季(0.418)。季节(温度)对潮间带贝类资源多样性和丰富度影响最为明显，养殖和旅游等人类活动也会对贝类物种分布和数量造成影响，本研究结果不仅丰富了我国海岛潮间带贝类资源数据，还能为长山列岛潮间带贝类生物多样性和环境保护提供基础资料和参考依据。 |
| 关键词: 长山列岛 潮间带 贝类 多样性指数 |
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| Annual variation in shellfish community structure in the intertidal zone of Changshan Islands, China |
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GE Guangyu,ZHOU Liqing,JING Hao,WU Zhou,WU Biao,SUN Xiujun,LIU Zhihong,YANG Yumin,ZHAO Dan
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| Abstract: |
| To understand the seasonal variations in shellfish community structure, the composition and diversity of shellfish in the intertidal zone of the Changshan Archipelago, China, were investigated. We investigated the composition and diversity of shellfish species in the intertidal zone (including NCD1, NCD2, BCD1, BCD2, TJD1, TJD2, DQD1, DQD2, NHD1, and NHD2) of five representative islands and 10 survey stations in the Changshan Archipelago during the low tide period in July and October 2021 and February and May 2022, and the water quality parameters of point water and interstitial water were analyzed. The results showed that the bottom material of the Changshan Archipelago was generally rock or gravel and the salinity fluctuated with the seasons. The salinity was high in summer and fall while low in spring and winter, with an average of 30.92±0.84. Compared with spring, summer, and fall, the temperature changed significantly in winter, with an average of (4.51±0.32) ℃ and the highest temperature being 23.48 ℃ during spring, summer, and fall. In general, the dissolved oxygen in the main islands of Changshan Archipelago (North and South Changshan Islands) was relatively low, with an average of (8.59±0.38) mg/L, while that in Tuoji Island, Daqin Island, and Nanhuangcheng Island was relatively high, with an average of (9.95±0.51) mg/L. A total of 12 species of shellfish were collected in this survey, including Crassostrea sp., Monodonta labio Linnaeus, Littorina brevicula, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Patelloida pygmaea, Chlorostoma rustica, Reishia clavigera, Thais luteostoma, Ocinebrellus inornata, Cellana toreuma, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Rapana venosa. The number of shellfish species in each season was the highest in spring, with an average of eight species, followed by in fall, with an average of six species. Winter had the least number of shellfish species collected, with an average of four species. In addition, the North and South Changshan Islands presented the most shellfish species at eight and nine species, respectively. The number of shellfish collected in DQD was the least (six species). There were differences in shellfish density at different survey sites, among which DQD2 had the highest density, with an average density of 41.26 ind./m2. The lowest density was in NCD2, and the average density was 13.71 ind./m2. In the same season, the shellfish density at different survey sites was different, the proportion of dominant species at different survey sites was also different. In spring, the density of Crassostrea sp., Cellana toreuma, and Chlorostoma rustica was high, while in summer, the density of Crassostrea sp., Mytilus galloprovincialis, Littorina brevicula, and Cellana toreuma was high. In fall, the density of Crassostrea sp., Littorina brevicula, and Mytilus galloprovincialis was the highest, while in winter, the density of Crassostrea sp., Patelloida pygmaea, and Cellana toreuma was the highest. The species diversity (H´) of shellfish in each tidal area of the survey site is shown as middle tidal zone (1.44) > low tidal zone (1.40) > high tidal zone (0.44). Overall, the average shellfish species diversity in the 10 survey sites was spring (1.26) > winter (1.21) > fall (1.11) > summer (0.95). The average evenness index of species (J´) in the 10 survey stations was 0.55, among which the evenness index of DQD2, NCD2, NHD2, and TJD1 shellfish was 0.67, 0.64, 0.64, and 0.55, respectively. The evenness index of shellfish in each tidal area of the survey site was in order of middle tidal zone (0.67) > low tidal zone (0.59) > high tidal zone (0.29). The seasonal change was not obvious. The average shellfish abundance at the survey site was 0.533, including 0.82, 0.68, 0.60, and 0.53 shellfish abundance at NCD2, NHD2, BCD2, and NCD1, respectively. The abundance index of shellfish in each tidal area of the survey site was in order of middle tidal zone (0.56) > low tidal zone (0.52) > high tidal zone (0.17). Overall, the average shellfish abundance in the 10 survey sites was spring (0.681) > fall (0.573) > summer (0.458) > winter (0.418). Seasons (temperatures) have the most obvious impact on the diversity and abundance of intertidal shellfish resources. Anthropogenic activities, such as aquaculture and tourism, also affect the distribution and quantity of shellfish species. The results of this study not only enrich the data of intertidal shellfish resources on islands in China but also provide basic information and reference for biodiversity and environmental protection of intertidal shellfish on the Changshan Islands. |
| Key words: Changshan Islands Intertidal zone Shellfish Diversity index |
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